Directory of Scientists in Space and Genetics
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Questions and Answers

Which theory did Fred Hoyle famously support, despite its eventual discreditation in the 1960s?

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Steady state theory (correct)
  • String theory
  • Big Bang theory

    • What significant scientific role did Katherine Johnson play during the Apollo 11 mission?

  • Constructed the space shuttle
  • Designed the lunar module
  • Calculated the launch and flight path (correct)
  • Developed the rocket propulsion system

    • What was one of Vera Rubin's major contributions to astronomy?

  • Mapping the Milky Way galaxy
  • Determining the chemical composition of stars
  • Proving the existence of dark matter (correct)
  • Discovering black holes

    • What groundbreaking theory is Abdus Salam most known for?

    <p>Electroweak theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique medical area did Irene Uchida focus her research on?

    <p>Effects of radiation on chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what discovery was Mario J. Molina awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

    <p>CFCs' effect on the ozone layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation is Donna Strickland known for in the field of laser physics?

    <p>Developing chirped pulse amplification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Eric Kandel's Nobel Prize-winning research focus on?

    <p>Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic discovery is Lap-Chee Tsui best known for?

    <p>Identifying the cystic fibrosis gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the research focus of Carol Greider?

    <p>The role of telomeres and telomerase in aging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Steady State Theory

    The theory that the universe's average density remains constant as it expands due to continuous creation of matter.

    Abdus Salam

    Physicist who proposed electroweak theory, unifying weak interaction and electromagnetic force.

    Higgs Boson

    A particle predicted to exist from the Higgs field theory, which explains mass of elementary particles.

    Vera Rubin

    Astronomer who discovered the presence of dark matter through galaxy rotation studies.

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    Chirped Pulse Amplification

    A technique developed for producing short and intense laser pulses, used in various technologies.

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    Irene Uchida

    Medical geneticist who studied chromosome differences in genetic conditions.

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    Katherine Johnson

    Mathematician who calculated trajectories for space missions and contributed to the Apollo program.

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    Telomeres

    DNA segments at chromosome ends that protect them and influence cell lifespan.

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    Donna Strickland

    Optical physicist known for developing CPA technique, enhancing laser technology.

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    Mario Molina

    Chemist who discovered CFCs damage the ozone layer, leading to their regulation.

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    Study Notes

    Directory of Scientists

    • Science is becoming more diverse and interconnected. Researchers globally collaborate to expand knowledge and develop more comprehensive theories.

    Fred Hoyle (1915-2001)

    • British astrophysicist, studied star element origins, and proposed the steady-state theory of the universe's expansion, which was later largely discredited.

    Irene Uchida (1917-2013)

    • Canadian medical geneticist, studied how genes and chromosomes influence health, including researching genetic conditions and chromosome abnormalities.

    Katherine Johnson (1918-)

    • Award-winning mathematician, crucial in calculating trajectories for numerous space missions, including Alan Shepard's. Worked at NACA then NASA, impacting Apollo 11 mission.

    Yvonne Brill (1924-2013)

    • Invented a propulsion system for unmanned spacecraft keeping them in stationary orbit, contributed to US rocket designs, and worked for NASA on rocket engines.

    Abdus Salam (1926-1996)

    • Pakistani physicist, proposed the electroweak theory, explaining the unified weak and electromagnetic forces in subatomic particles, and co-recipient of a Nobel Prize in Physics.

    Vera Rubin (1928-2016)

    • Discovered dark matter's presence in galaxies, challenging Newton's laws of gravity within galaxies' outer regions.

    Peter Higgs (1929-)

    • Developed the Higgs field theory explaining the origin of mass for subatomic particles, crucial to the Large Hadron Collider, and co-winner of a Nobel Prize in Physics.

    Eric Kandel (1929-)

    • Studied the biological mechanisms behind memory in sea slugs, connecting simple nervous systems to how humans' memory works, a shared principle.

    Mario Molina (1943-)

    • Shared a 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Rowland for their work demonstrating chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)' contribution to ozone depletion.

    Lap-Chee Tsui (1950-)

    • Canadian medical geneticist, jointly discovered the cystic fibrosis gene, a significant medical break through on a life-threatening disease.

    Donna Strickland (1959-)

    • Canadian optical physicist, developed chirped pulse amplification (CPA), a key laser technology advancement using lasers for numerous applications.

    Carol Greider (1961-)

    • Discovered the enzyme telomerase, which has a crucial role in protecting chromosome ends, impacting cell life and cancer research.

    Mae Carol Jemison (1956-)

    • First African-American woman in space, served as a mission specialist on the space shuttle Endeavour.

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    Description

    Explore the significant contributions of various scientists, including astrophysicists and medical geneticists. This quiz covers the innovative work of individuals like Fred Hoyle, Katherine Johnson, and Yvonne Brill, among others. Test your knowledge on their discoveries and impacts on science and technology.

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