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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with the first significant description of dinosaur remains in North America?
What was the period of time known as the 'Golden Age of Palaeontology'?
Who discovered the first meat-eating dinosaur in Canada?
Where did Germans go to search for dinosaur fossils in the early 20th century?
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Who led the American Museum of Natural History's Central Asiatic expedition to Mongolia?
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What was the name of the Canadian dinosaur rush that took place from 1910 to 1917?
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Which of the following families was involved in dinosaur discoveries in Canada?
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Who was the curator of the American Museum of Natural History who discovered many dinosaurs in Canada?
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What was the name of the ankylosaur discovered by Gideon Mantell in 1824?
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What was the name of the term coined by Sir Richard Owen in 1842?
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What was the mistake made by Mary Ann Mantell and her husband Gideon while discovering Iguanodon?
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Who discovered the first lower jaw of what he believed was a large lizard?
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In what year did Mary Ann Mantell and her husband Gideon discover a more complete specimen of Iguanodon?
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What was the basis of the name 'Dinosaur' coined by Sir Richard Owen?
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What was the significance of the discovery of the first dinosaur bone by Reverend Dr Robert Plot in 1677?
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What was the major trade route during the period of 206BC to 220 AD?
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What is one theory about the origin of the Griffin lore?
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What was the conclusion drawn by scientists during the 1600's-1800's?
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Who discovered what looked like iguana teeth but were much larger in 1822?
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What was the name of the dinosaur eventually named by Mary Ann Mantell's discovery?
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In what time period did the concept of stratigraphic principles of relative dating emerge?
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What did Reverend Dr Robert Plot initially believe the first dinosaur bone was from?
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Study Notes
Early Dinosaur Discoveries in North America
- 1858: Joseph Leidy describes the first significant dinosaur remains in North America, Hadrosaurus foulkii.
- Leidy's reconstructions transformed dinosaurs from slow, lumbering lizards to terrifying beasts.
The Bone Wars
- The "Golden Age of Palaeontology" (1870s-1890s) saw a rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh.
- Marsh and Cope ran competing camps in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, discovering over 142 species.
Canadian Discoveries
- 1871: The first written report of dinosaur bones in Alberta (near Dinosaur Provincial Park) was made.
- 1874: George Dawson discovered duck-billed dinosaur fragments along the Milk River.
- 1884: Joseph B. Tyrrell discovered the skull of the first meat-eating dinosaur in Canada.
International Expeditions
- 1907-1912: Germans explored Tanzania and Egypt for dinosaur fossils.
- 1920s: The American Museum of Natural History's Central Asiatic expedition led by Roy Chapman Andrews explored Mongolia.
Notable Paleontologists
- Barnum Brown (AMNH) and the Sternberg family (Geological Survey of Canada, British Museum, UofA, Royal Ontario Museum) contributed significantly to dinosaur discoveries during the "Great Canadian Dinosaur Rush" (1910-1917).
Early Dinosaur Discoveries
- The Silk Road, a major trade route between China, Asia, and Europe, existed from 206 BC to 220 AD, and may have influenced the Griffin legend, potentially based on Protoceratops discoveries in the Gobi Desert.
1600s-1800s Discoveries
- During this period, scientists concluded that the Earth changes over time, is very old, and applied stratigraphic principles of relative dating; fossils are remains of ancient creatures, and organisms change over time.
First Dinosaur Fossil Description
- Reverend Dr. Robert Plot described the first dinosaur fossil in England in 1677; he believed it was the thigh bone of a giant human or a giant Roman war elephant.
Mary Ann Mantell's Discovery
- In 1822, Mary Ann Mantell discovered giant teeth, later named Iguanodon, which resembled iguana teeth but were much larger.
William Buckland's Discovery
- In 1824, William Buckland found the first lower jaw of what he believed was a large lizard, naming it Megalosaurus.
Gideon Mantell's Discovery
- In 1824, Gideon Mantell bought bones from a fossil dealer, which turned out to be the most complete non-avian dinosaur found yet: a partially articulated Hylaeosaurus (an ankylosaur).
Later Discoveries
- In 1832, a more complete specimen of Iguanodon was discovered, including a bone thought to be a horn, but later identified as a thumb.
- In 1840, Mary Ann Mantell and Gideon Mantell discovered a more complete specimen of Iguanodon.
Coining of the Term "Dinosaur"
- In 1842, anatomist Sir Richard Owen coined the term "Dinosaur", combining the Greek "deinos" (fearfully great or terrible) and "sauros" (lizard), based on fossil bones of three large, extinct reptiles discovered in Britain.
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Description
Learn about the significant dinosaur discoveries in North America during the 19th century, including Joseph Leidy's Hadrosaurus foulkii and the rivalry between Marsh and Cope during the 'Golden Age of Palaeontology'.
