Dihybrid Crosses in Genetics
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Questions and Answers

Which of Mendel's laws states that an organism with alternate forms of an allele will express the form that is dominant?

  • The Law of Dominance (correct)
  • The Law of Independent Assortment
  • The Law of Inheritance
  • The Law of Segregation

    • Which Mendelian law explains that parental alleles segregate during meiosis?

  • The Law of Independent Assortment
  • The Law of Genetic Variation
  • The Law of Segregation (correct)
  • The Law of Dominance

    • According to Mendel's Laws, which principle explains that alleles for different traits are independent of each other?

  • The Law of Inheritance
  • The Law of Independent Assortment (correct)
  • The Law of Dominance
  • The Law of Meiosis

    • Which of Mendel's laws would be violated if two traits were not inherited independently?

    <p>The Law of Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that each trait is defined by a pair of alleles?

    <p>The Law of Segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment with peas, what was the phenotype ratio of the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the P generation of the dihybrid cross, what were the genotypes of the parent plants?

    <p>RRYY and rryy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the terms 'round' and 'yellow' describe in the context of the pea plant dihybrid cross?

    <p>Phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does Mendel’s 3rd Law, the Principle of Independent Assortment, describe?

    <p>Allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two F1 generation plants (RrYy) are crossed, what will be the genotype of the offspring with wrinkled green seeds?

    <p>rryy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the offspring of the F1 generation described in terms of their seed color and shape?

    <p>All yellow and round</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a monohybrid heterozygous cross (e.g., Aa x Aa), what is the expected phenotype ratio?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the F1 generation of a dihybrid cross (RrYy x RrYy), which genotype represents offspring that are round and yellow?

    <p>RRYY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dihybrid Crosses

    • A dihybrid cross involves two different traits, each with two alleles (e.g., R and r, Y and y).
    • Example: pea seeds with flower color, flower position, seed color, seed shape, pod shape, pod color, and stem length traits.

    F1 Generation

    • The F1 generation is created by crossing two dihybrid heterozygous lines (RrYy x RrYy).
    • The resulting offspring will have a genotype of RrYy and a phenotype of all round and all yellow.

    F2 Generation

    • The F2 generation is not necessary in this case, as the F1 generation provides the required information.
    • The F2 generation would involve a test cross of RrYy x rryy.

    9:3:3:1 Ratio

    • The 9:3:3:1 ratio is a result of a dihybrid cross, where four phenotypes are possible.
    • The four phenotypes are: Round Yellow, Wrinkled Yellow, Round Green, and Wrinkled Green.
    • The ratio of these phenotypes is 9:3:3:1, respectively.

    Mono Hybrid Heterozygous Cross

    • A mono hybrid heterozygous cross involves one pair of alleles (e.g., Aa x Aa).
    • The genotype ratio is 1:2:1, and the phenotype ratio is 3:1.

    Dihybrid Heterozygote Cross

    • A dihybrid heterozygote cross involves two pairs of alleles (e.g., AaBb x AaBb).
    • The genotype ratio is 1:2:2:1:4:1:2:2:1, and the phenotype ratio is 9:3:3:1.

    Mendel's Laws

    • The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of an allele will express the form that is dominant.
    • The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a pair of alleles, and parental alleles segregate during meiosis.
    • The Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different traits are not dependent on one another for their expression.

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    Description

    Learn about dihybrid crosses using pea seeds, including the P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation test cross. Understand how to approach a dihybrid cross and analyze the characteristics of pea seeds.

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