18 Questions
What is a dihybrid cross?
A cross between two entities of two different traits
What were the phenotypes of the F1 generation resulting from crossing round-yellow seed (RRYY) with wrinkled-green seed (rryy)?
All round yellow seeds (RrYy)
Which of Mendel's laws is based on a monohybrid cross?
The law of segregation
What does the law of segregation state?
Each gamete receives only one allele for a trait
Which process involves the random separation of homologous chromosomes during cell division?
Meiosis
How many foundational laws of inheritance did Mendel discover?
Two
What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?
Genes on different chromosomes sort independently
If a dihybrid cross involves individuals with genotypes RrYy, what are the possible gametes produced by each parent?
RY, Ry, rY, ry
During which stage of cell division do genes segregate into daughter cells?
Anaphase
'Round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, wrinkled-green, and round-green' are examples of which genetic concept?
Dihybrid inheritance
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Dihybrid cross = Cross between two entities of two different traits Law of segregation = States that alleles for a trait are randomly passed to offspring Law of independent assortment = States that genes do not influence each other in allele sorting F1 generation = Result of crossing round-yellow seed with wrinkled-green seed
Match the following genotypes with their corresponding phenotypes:
RRYY = Round yellow seeds rryy = Wrinkled green seeds RrYy = Round yellow seeds RrYy x RrYy = Round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, wrinkled-green, round-green seeds
Match the following statements with the correct law of inheritance:
Genes segregate into daughter cells during cell division = Law of segregation Genes do not influence each other in allele sorting = Law of independent assortment Alleles randomly separate during meiosis = Law of segregation Traits are independently inherited = Law of independent assortment
Match the following stages with their corresponding genetic process:
Meiosis = Homologous chromosomes segregate into daughter cells Dihybrid cross = Crossing between two traits at a time Monohybrid cross = Crossing involving a single trait F1 generation = Resulting from crossing two different entities
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Dihybrid Cross = Cross between two traits of individuals at a time Law of Segregation = Random separation of alleles during meiosis Law of Independent Assortment = Genes for separate traits passed independently from parents Metaphase I of Meiosis = Stage where pairs of chromosomes align randomly at the center
Match the following genetic concepts with their descriptions:
Round-yellow, wrinkled-green, etc. = Phenotypes resulting from dihybrid cross Alleles for a trait passed randomly to offspring = Explanation of Law of Segregation Genes do not influence each other in sorting alleles = Definition of Law of Independent Assortment Separate genes for separate traits passed independently = Implication of Law of Independent Assortment
Match the following stages of cell division with their characteristics:
Meiosis Metaphase I = Pairs of chromosomes align randomly at the center Random segregation of homologous chromosomes = Description of Law of Segregation Separation of alleles into gametes = Process during Law of Independent Assortment Passing different gene versions to daughter cells = Explanation of genetic inheritance
Match the following statements with the correct Mendel's law they describe:
Copies of genes randomly separate during meiosis = Law of Segregation Every possible combination of alleles equally likely = Law of Independent Assortment Separate genes for separate traits passed independently = Both Laws combined Occurs in metaphase I when chromosomes align randomly = Characteristic stage for both Laws
Study Notes
Dihybrid Cross
- A dihybrid cross is a cross between two parents that differ in two pairs of contrasting traits.
F1 Generation Phenotypes
- The phenotypes of the F1 generation resulting from crossing round-yellow seed (RRYY) with wrinkled-green seed (rryy) are all round and yellow.
Mendel's Laws
- Mendel's Law of Segregation is based on a monohybrid cross.
- The Law of Segregation states that each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation, resulting in each gamete receiving only one allele.
- The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles of different genes are sorted independently of one another during gamete formation.
Cell Division
- Meiosis is the process that involves the random separation of homologous chromosomes during cell division.
- Genes segregate into daughter cells during the anaphase stage of cell division.
Foundational Laws of Inheritance
- Mendel discovered three foundational laws of inheritance: the Law of Segregation, the Law of Independent Assortment, and the Law of Dominance.
Gamete Formation
- If a dihybrid cross involves individuals with genotypes RrYy, the possible gametes produced by each parent are RY, Ry, rY, and ry.
Genetic Concepts
- 'Round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, wrinkled-green, and round-green' are examples of the concept of multiple alleles.
Matching Terms and Descriptions
- Match the following terms with their descriptions:
- Monohybrid cross: a cross between two parents that differ in one pair of contrasting traits.
- Dihybrid cross: a cross between two parents that differ in two pairs of contrasting traits.
- Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual.
- Phenotype: the physical expression of an individual's genotype.
Matching Genotypes and Phenotypes
- Match the following genotypes with their corresponding phenotypes:
- RrYy: round and yellow
- rrYy: wrinkled and yellow
- RrYY: round and yellow
- rrYY: wrinkled and yellow
Matching Laws of Inheritance
- Match the following statements with the correct law of inheritance:
- Each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation: Law of Segregation.
- Alleles of different genes are sorted independently of one another during gamete formation: Law of Independent Assortment.
- One allele can be dominant over another allele: Law of Dominance.
Matching Stages of Cell Division
- Match the following stages of cell division with their characteristics:
- Meiosis: involves the random separation of homologous chromosomes during cell division.
- Anaphase: genes segregate into daughter cells during this stage.
- Gamete formation: involves the production of gametes with unique combinations of alleles.
Test your understanding of dihybrid crosses by exploring the inheritance patterns of two different traits in genetic crosses. Learn about how traits are passed on from parent to offspring through multiple generations.
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