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Questions and Answers
What is a dihybrid cross and what does it involve?
What is a dihybrid cross and what does it involve?
A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals with two pairs of alleles. It involves determining the outcome of inheriting two different traits simultaneously.
How does Mendel's Law of Segregation apply to gamete formation?
How does Mendel's Law of Segregation apply to gamete formation?
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that gametes carry only one allele for each gene, meaning alleles segregate during gamete formation. This ensures that offspring receive one allele from each parent.
Describe codominance and provide an example.
Describe codominance and provide an example.
Codominance occurs when two alleles are both fully expressed in the phenotype, with neither being dominant over the other. An example of codominance is the AB blood type.
What is the potential offspring phenotype ratio from a monohybrid cross that includes a dominant trait with a recessive trait?
What is the potential offspring phenotype ratio from a monohybrid cross that includes a dominant trait with a recessive trait?
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In the context of incomplete dominance, what is meant by the term 'mesh' of both alleles?
In the context of incomplete dominance, what is meant by the term 'mesh' of both alleles?
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Study Notes
Dihybrid Crossing
- Involves a cross between two pairs of alleles (e.g., two genes).
- Dominant allele (capital letter, often H) produces a dominant phenotype in individuals with at least one copy of that allele.
- Recessive allele (lowercase letter, often h) produces a recessive phenotype only when both alleles are recessive.
- Monohybrid cross is the cross between two organisms creating different variations.
Types of Inheritance Patterns
- Codominance: Both alleles are expressed equally leading to a blend of traits (e.g., AB blood type, spotted or multicoloured flowers).
- Incomplete dominance: Both alleles are partially expressed, producing an intermediate or blended phenotype (e.g., pink flowers, mixed skin tones).
Mendel's Laws
- Law of Segregation: Gametes only carry one allele for a given gene.
- Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation. Thus, different traits are passed on randomly/independent from each other. (This is shown in dihybrid crosses).
Punnett Squares (Dihybrid Cross Examples)
- Used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from known parental genotypes.
- Demonstrates allele combinations.
- Includes the steps "Parent-First, Outside, Inside, Last" (FOIL method equivalent) in the Punnett square
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Description
Test your knowledge on dihybrid crossing and various inheritance patterns including codominance and incomplete dominance. Learn about Mendel's laws that govern these genetic principles and how they apply to different traits.
