Digital Media & Democratization

Since the rise of commercial media industries, there have been hopes that various new communication technologies would ______ the media.

Following the Second World War, computers were viewed as holding ______ hopes due to their vast storage and processing capacities, which could democratize knowledge.

Theories and predictions pointed towards transitions into 'the information society' or 'the knowledge economy', aiming to open up media production to greater ______ control.

By the middle of the twentieth century, media industries in industrialized countries were mainly dominated by large state-owned organizations, private companies, and ______ ______.

A market system of media production relies on the idea that profits are achieved by 'giving people what they wanted', suggesting a ______-based system encourages satisfaction of desires.

Organizations representing citizens, workers, and marginalized groups created alternative systems, leading to networks of media termed 'independent', 'alternative', 'radical', and '______'.

[Blank] is underpinning modern systems of wealth accumulation and was depended on by growing media industries of the twentieth century.

Though originally meant to protect creators, ______ rights came to be owned by large businesses that lobbied for increased scope and duration of copyright.

While copyright law and practice enabled media industry growth, it was hardly democratic, protecting corporate owners more than ______ or ______.

In centralized media systems of the late twentieth century, a relatively small number of media producers and celebrities could command enormous degrees of ______ and ______.

Companies are highly incentivized to control marketing and publicity so audiences spend money or time on a product, often leading to ______ ______.

To combat unpredictability of product success, companies create lots of product, trialing them to the public while hoping the less publicized find an ______.

To differentiate products from abundance, larger firms devote resources to creating '______' products, with high budgets for recognizable star talent and promotion.

The '______' syndrome describes how big corporations exercise and maintain their power in the media industries.

The development of digital networks initially led to erosion of media industry revenues, but there was a limited challenge to ______ and ______ systems.

The belief as a means of media democratization through digitalization have generally not been ______.

The rise of '- content' is one of the developments of digital networks in the context of marketization.

Organizations invest too much hope in technology, failing to engage with other economic, political, and cultural factors because it was a case of ______ commentators.

Only by challenging the main ways media industries are owned and controlled are we likely to see major improvement in how they represent and ______ the world.

One of the four major characteristics of media industries in the 20th century is the mix of ______ and private ownership, leading to the rise of corporations.

People's desires exist in complex relation to their ______ and their ______-being in media market systems.

Public corporations are known as businesses whose ownership shares were listed on ______ ______, and therefore in principle open for anyone to buy.

Systems that mixed state, private and public ownership, and control sometimes created many media products that were entertaining, informative, and ______.

Continuing power of corporations include a new set of ______ giants when speaking of the development of digital networks.

Media ______ by the few, distributed to the many, is one of the four major characteristics of media industries in the 20th century.