Digital Communication and Social Media Insights

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Questions and Answers

Which factor is NOT essential for sustaining virtual networks?

  • Online/offline events
  • Clear purpose
  • Strong leadership presence (correct)
  • Clear membership role

What is a primary characteristic that differentiates TikTok from YouTube?

  • Support for long videos
  • Emphasis on entertainment with shorter videos (correct)
  • Photo-based content
  • Focus on text-based content

How does social media communication primarily build individual relationships?

  • Focusing on personal fears and vulnerabilities
  • Encouraging leaders to take charge
  • Through offline events and gatherings
  • By emphasizing sharing rather than disclosure (correct)

What aspect of interaction in cyberspace is guided by societal factors?

<p>Institutions, structures, and norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platform is primarily designed for family-oriented interactions?

<p>Facebook (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function do social networking sites (SNS) serve in relation to user identity?

<p>They facilitate identity formation and online communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common function of identity on social networking sites?

<p>Monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of social networking sites?

<p>Profile creation and relationship displays. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do social networking sites typically extend online interactions?

<p>Through public or semi-public profiles and connection lists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about user connections on SNS is true?

<p>Connections can be based on geography or interests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does media richness refer to in the context of SNS?

<p>The amount of multimedia content available. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is interactivity designed on social networking platforms?

<p>To enhance fluidity and engagement with visuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of influence in virtual networks, what relationship is primarily highlighted?

<p>Leader-follower dynamics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major focus for organizations regarding consumer awareness?

<p>Ensuring consistency in their messaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metrics would be considered a 'see' metric rather than a 'do' metric?

<p>Likes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered important in establishing 'Return on Relationships'?

<p>Defining pre-established goals and objectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Barcelona Principles emphasize the importance of which of the following in measurement?

<p>Measuring communication outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vanity metrics primarily used for?

<p>Creating a false sense of success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of consumer-generated media?

<p>Corporate-generated media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'SoMe monitoring' primarily involve?

<p>Listening, analyzing data, and creating insights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of social media metrics?

<p>Media mentions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes innovators and early adopters in the diffusion of new ideas?

<p>They experiment with new technologies and are typically the first to adopt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the spiral of silence theory affect individuals' sharing behavior on social media?

<p>Anonymity can lead to a fear of isolation, reducing willingness to share differing opinions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way are memes defined within social media?

<p>They embody abstract beliefs and evolve through user imitation and iteration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior of 'lurkers' on social networking sites (SNS)?

<p>They silently observe but may still be very engaged with the content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do audiences primarily consider when selecting their preferred media according to uses and gratifications theory?

<p>Their specific needs and preferences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor when politicians consider public opinion on social media?

<p>To analyze what will win the public's votes and influence future decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do late majority users typically interact with new technologies in the innovation diffusion process?

<p>They adopt new technologies after witnessing mass appeal from the early majority. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for memes to maintain interest and attention according to their evolutionary nature?

<p>Competition and selection among various meme forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the term 'meme'?

<p>Richard Dawkins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the traditional roles of journalism?

<p>To create public conversation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pressure from social media affects journalism the most?

<p>Trust and harassment issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responses of journalism to social media pressures?

<p>Adopting corporate sponsorship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'information democratization' refer to in journalism?

<p>More horizontal interactions in news sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of social media on audience fragmentation?

<p>It creates a danger of polarization of audiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a change in journalism roles due to social media?

<p>More specialized roles in programming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the process of monetizing content in journalism evolved?

<p>Using paywalls and freemium models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the two-way symmetrical model in public relations?

<p>To negotiate with the public and seek mutual benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of social capital discussed in the content?

<p>Financial investment in marketing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence brand loyalty?

<p>By enhancing consumer trust and reputation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transformation has occurred in advertising pricing models due to social media?

<p>Pricing is calculated based on click-through rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social media tactic involves creating ongoing discussions around a brand?

<p>Buzz creation through storytelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'going native' refer to in advertising and marketing?

<p>Adapting content to fit the platform it appears on (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key trend in social media advertising?

<p>Greater emphasis on conversational engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does audience feedback play in scientific persuasion?

<p>It shapes communication tactics and strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Networking Sites (SNS)

Web-based platforms allowing users to create profiles, connect with others, view others' activities, and interact.

Online Identity

How individuals present themselves online; influenced by interactions and communities.

CMC (Computer Mediated Communication)

Communication via digital platforms; shapes online identity and interaction.

SNS Connections

Links formed on SNS, including existing relationships, shared connections, and newly formed ties.

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Profile

Personal information and descriptions presented on a SNS.

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Relationships (SNS)

Connections and interactions on social networking platforms.

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Self-presentation (SNS)

How individuals portray themselves on social media.

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Privacy on SNS

Varying levels of protection of personal information on social networks.

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Platform Space (SNS)

Design, features, and cultural context of the platform.

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Media Richness

Level of information communicated, e.g. through visuals, speed, text.

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Interactivity Design (SNS)

How easily users interact on a platform, including speed and features.

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Influence in Virtual Networks

How leader-follower relationships and online connections exert impact

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Influence in Virtual Communities

Influence is stronger when a virtual community fosters a sense of connection and relationship among its members.

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Sustaining Virtual Networks

Virtual networks rely on a clear purpose, defined roles, moderation, and online/offline events for connection.

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Interaction in Cyberspace

Digital interactions are shaped by institutions, norms, and underlying structures that influence how people communicate.

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Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms (like Twitter, YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook) are designed with different purposes and formats, impacting the types of interactions they facilitate.

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Social Media Communication

Social media platforms are environments shaping shared meanings and relationships, often prioritizing sharing over disclosure.

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Strong Relationships

Strong relationships are built on deeper connections and disclosure, including fears and vulnerabilities (instead of just sharing information).

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Social Media Adoption

Understanding how social media spreads and becomes popular involves studying the diffusion of new ideas and technologies.

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Social Media Choice

Users select different social media platforms based on various factors, including their specific needs and preferences.

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Uses and Gratifications Theory

A theory explaining how audiences choose media based on their needs and desires.

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Spiral of Silence

A theory suggesting people are less likely to express opinions that differ from the perceived majority view; fear of isolation.

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Memes

Ideas or concepts that spread rapidly through imitation and iteration.

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Diffusion of Innovation

Describes the process of adoption and spread of new ideas over time using a bell curve.

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Diffusion Adoption Curve

A bell-shaped curve illustrating the adoption rate of new ideas, showcasing categories like innovators, early adopters, majority, laggards

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How social media is used for sharing

Social media platforms facilitate the dissemination of information, ideas, and experiences through various means.

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Meme (Definition)

A unit of cultural information, idea, or behavior transmitted from person to person.

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Social Media Pressure on Journalism

The influence of social media on traditional journalism, causing changes in formats, platforms, and levels of engagement.

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Citizen Journalism

News reported by citizens rather than professional journalists, often using social media.

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Crowdsourcing

Gathering information, ideas, or support from a large group of people using the internet.

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Microblogging (e.g., Twitter)

Short-form text-based communication on social media platforms.

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Engaged Journalism

A current trend where news media actively interact with their audiences online.

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Journalism's Role (Traditional)

Investigating, analyzing, explaining, creating public conversation, fostering social empathy.

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Media Convergence

Combining different media formats into one platform (e.g., news on a website).

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Journalistic trust

The audience's faith or confidence in a news organization.

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Information Democratization

The idea that information is more accessible and distributed to a wider audience.

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News Culture Transformation

Shift in the way news is produced and consumed driven by social media.

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Scientific Persuasion

Using persuasion to influence audiences, incorporating audience feedback and formal research in communication tactics.

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Two-Way Symmetrical Model

Two-way communication focused on negotiation, conflict resolution, and mutual benefit between organizations and publics.

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Social Capital

Trust, shared norms & values, resources, reciprocity, resilience, coordination & common goals.

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SEO

Search Engine Optimization, techniques to improve visibility of content on search engines.

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Polyphony

Incorporating many voices and perspectives into communication.

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Storytelling

Using narratives to create and sustain interest.

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Native Strategies

Social media marketing tactics tailored to a specific platform.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Business practices considering social and environmental impact, beyond profit.

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Triple Bottom Line

A framework for measuring business success focusing on economic, social, and environmental performance (profit, people, planet).

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Social Media in Advertising & Marketing

More about conversations, connections, and shared control than passive consumption.

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Measurable Advertising

Precise tracking of advertising effectiveness using metrics like click-through rates.

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Click-through rate

Measure of how often an advertisement leads to a click and visit to the advertised site or content.

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Social Media ROI

Return on investment in social media, measured by leads, conversions, and sales

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Vanity Metrics

Social media metrics that look good but don't necessarily show real value

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Social Media Monitoring

Listening to and analyzing what people are saying about a brand on social media

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Social Media Measures

Quantifiable aspects of social media activity, like impressions, followers, or sentiment

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Social Media ROI vs COI

Comparing the return on investment (ROI) from social media to the opportunity cost (COI)

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Barcelona Principles

Guidelines for measuring the impact of communication, emphasizing goal-setting and outcome measurement

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SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals

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Consumer-generated media

Content created and shared by consumers, often without direct financial compensation

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Outputs vs Outcomes

Outputs are the results of a campaign, while outcomes are the changes in behavior or opinions that result from outputs.

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Study Notes

Digital Communication and Digitalization

  • This document discusses digital communication and digitalization, specifically within the context of a business school (Handelshøyskolen BI).
  • A QR code is provided for accessing the full document or related content on Studocu.
  • The document is not sponsored by any university or college.

Session 1: Introduction to Social Media

  • Learning goals include understanding the structure and dynamics of professional communication in various fields (journalism, PR, marketing).
  • Reflecting on the role of trust, influence, and engagement in social media is also a focus.
  • Social media's impact on traditional communication is explored.
  • New challenges in information dissemination and spread are noted, including the flow of information through echo chambers and microtargeting.
  • The ethical implications of data privacy and usage are mentioned.

Session 2: Key Social Media Concepts and Theories

  • Key concepts and functions of social networking sites (SNS) like identity, influence, interaction, and community are examined.
  • Different types of SNS connections and their characteristics are discussed, noting how existing and new connections are formed.
  • The concept of online and offline connections.
  • The uses and gratifications approach and the spiral of silence are referenced as concepts to analyze SNS usage.

Session 3: Social Media in Journalism

  • The traditional role and function of journalism, including the need to establish professional standards for the work, including codes of conduct.
  • The impact of social media on journalism is covered:
  • The evolving relationship between quality journalism and social media.
  • Discussion of "citizen journalism," crowdsourcing, and micro-blogging.
  • The rise of "engaged journalism" and the implications of these trends are analyzed, including potential pressure from governments, businesses and audiences.
  • The need for journalism to adapt to social media is emphasized.

Session 4: Social Media in Public Relations

  • Major trends and transformations of public relations in the digital age.
  • The changing business value of PR and key concepts in social media are addressed.
  • Key theories and concepts of PR are discussed and contrasted with the new reality of social media, specifically corporate social responsibility (CSR).
  • How to approach PR strategies in a new social media context is emphasized.
  • The PR process and how companies can analyze and use social media as a resource are explained.
  • The role of social media in PR and how trends and transformations have impacted the field are mentioned.

Session 5: Social Media in Advertising and Marketing

  • Key trends and transformations in advertising and marketing in the social media era are discussed.
  • Methods of "going native" in A&M are explained.
  • Key A&M concepts related to the changes brought by social media are explored.
  • The concept of "promotional relationships" between brands and consumers is discussed.

Session 6: Social Media Metrics and Analytics

  • The importance of quantifiable metrics and qualitative analysis of social media, including understanding the value of different social media metrics: (e.g., views versus conversions)
  • The methodology of using tools like Facebook insights or Google Analytics for social media is emphasized.
  • The importance of consistent methodology, openness and transparency in examining metrics is stressed.
  • A variety of social media metrics (quantitative and qualitative) for measuring various elements of a social media campaign are detailed.

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