Digital Deformities in Podiatry

What is the primary mechanism leading to digital deformities?

Which of the following is NOT a type of digital deformity?

What is the result of the FDL overpowering the interossei?

What is the term for the condition where the short flexors fail to stabilize the middle phalanx?

Which of the following is an underlying biomechanical etiology of digital deformity?

What is the result of the quadratus plantae losing its mechanical advantage?

Which of the following is a characteristic of flexor substitution?

What is the term for the condition where the deep posterior and peroneal muscles gain advantage as major plantarflexors?

What is the result of the FDB failing to stabilize the middle phalanx?

What is the primary reason for fixed MTPJ subluxation in extensor substitution?

Which of the following is NOT a type of digital deformity?

What is the term for the condition where the interossei lose the ability to stabilize the proximal phalanx?

What is the purpose of CFT in the evaluation and surgical work-up?

What is the primary presenting complaint in patients with digital deformity?

What is the significance of flexible deformity in extensor substitution?

What is the significance of a pronated foot in digital deformity?

What is the percentage of vascular compromise reported by Kramer et al (2015) in hammertoe corrections?

What is the primary cause of chronic edema, also known as 'Sausage toe'?

What is Blue Toe usually indicative of?

What is the recommended management for White Toe?

What is a risk factor for vascular compromise in hammertoe correction?

What is the recommended approach to a patient with chronic edema after hammertoe correction?

What is the primary purpose of retrograde placement of K-wire in arthroplasty or arthrodesis?

In which digits is arthrodesis traditionally avoided?

What is the main difference between the techniques of arthroplasty and arthrodesis?

What is the primary goal of derotational arthroplasty?

What is the recommended post-operative course for arthroplasty with derotational surgical management?

What is the name of the procedure that involves removal of a section of skin dorsally at the level of the PIPJ?

What is the primary goal of patient education in surgical management of digital deformities?

What is the contraindication for elective correction of digital deformity in a patient with a high HbA1c level?

What is the primary indication for Hibbs tenosuspension procedure?

What is the technique used in flexor tendon transfer to convert flexor tendons into plantarflexors of the MTPJ?

What is the primary indication for extensor tendon transfer procedure?

What is the primary goal of syndactylization procedure?

What is the technique used in soft tissue contracture release procedure?

What is the primary indication for plantar plate repair procedure?

What is the primary goal of arthroplasty procedure in surgical management of digital deformities?

What is the primary indication for metatarsal osteotomy procedure?

What is the radiographic appearance of a first metatarsal elevatus?

What is the result of structural plantarflexion of the central metatarsals?

What is the role of the sesamoid axial view in the evaluation of preoperative position?

What is the effect of hallux abductovalgus on the normal distribution of weight to the forefoot?

What is the result of structurally dorsiflexed central metatarsals?

What is the relationship between transverse and frontal plane deformities of the metatarsals?

What is the meaning of the term 'Metatarsalgia'?

What is the primary cause of callusing in metatarsalgia?

What is the result of the positive feedback mechanism in metatarsalgia?

What is the significance of the 'Metatarsal parabola' in metatarsalgia?

What is the relationship between abnormal levels of pressure and shear force, and callusing in metatarsalgia?

What is the significance of 'Equinus' in metatarsalgia?

What is typically observed in T1 MRI findings for a sesamoid fracture?

What is the usual screw size used for single screw fixation in a linear sesamoid fracture?

What is the potential consequence of sesamoidectomy?

What is the purpose of the dorsal drawer test in evaluating a patient with suspected turf toe?

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with turf toe?

What is the indication for sesamoidectomy?

What is the primary goal of treatment for stress fractures?

What is the indication for surgical intervention in metatarsal base fractures?

What is the approach for metatarsal fracture repair?

What is the consideration when designing the incisional approach for metatarsal ORIF?

What is the significance of height-differential information to the patient?

What is the primary goal of immobilization in stress fracture treatment?

Why is it necessary to incise the periosteum during metatarsal ORIF?

What is the primary purpose of temporary stabilization with a clamp or wire during metatarsal ORIF?

Why is it important to ensure that the plate and heads of the screws are not prominent against the skin during metatarsal ORIF?

What type of plating is required for complex comminuted fractures such as the third metatarsal fracture?

What is the purpose of retracting tendons during metatarsal ORIF?

Why is it necessary to check the position of the plate with intraoperative fluoroscopy during metatarsal ORIF?

What is the primary goal of immobilization in the treatment of sesamoiditis?

What is the significance of a naturally bipartite sesamoid in the diagnosis of sesamoid fracture?

What is the purpose of turf toe taping/strapping in the treatment of sesamoiditis?

What is the primary goal of treatment for stress fractures?

What is the significance of callusing in metatarsalgia?

What is the primary goal of surgical intervention in turf toe repair?

What is the characteristic of a stress fracture on an MRI?

What is the purpose of taping/strapping in conservative care of turf toe?

What is the recommended approach to a patient with turf toe and a medial-only tear?

What is the significance of the sesamoid axial view in the evaluation of preoperative position?

What is the primary goal of immobilization in stress fracture treatment?

What is the significance of a positive dorsal drawer test in a patient with suspected turf toe?

What is the primary indication for sesamoidectomy in the treatment of sesamoid fractures?

What is the typical MRI finding in a patient with a sesamoid fracture?

What is the purpose of single screw fixation in the treatment of linear sesamoid fractures?

What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with turf toe?

What is the recommended management for stress fractures in the foot?

What is the primary reason for performing an intermetatarsal neurectomy in Morton's neuroma?

What is the characteristic of a Morton's neuroma on ultrasound?

What is the purpose of injecting 4% sclerosing alcohol in the treatment of Morton's neuroma?

What is the radiographic feature of Morton's neuroma on X-ray?

What is the typical MRI appearance of a Morton's neuroma?

What is the goal of conservative treatment in Morton's neuroma?

What is the indication for surgical intervention in Morton's neuroma?

What is the benefit of using ultrasound-guided injections in Morton's neuroma treatment?

What is the significance of the 'Vulcansalute sign' in Morton's neuroma?

What is the primary benefit of cryogenic denervation in Morton's neuroma treatment?

What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in metatarsal base fractures?

Which approach is used for more complex fractures of the metatarsal shaft or base?

What is the purpose of informing the patient about height-differential?

What is the mainstay of treatment for stress fractures?

What is the significance of radiographic evaluation in metatarsal fracture repair?

What is the primary goal of treatment for metatarsal fractures?

What is a characteristic of intermetatarsal bursitis that distinguishes it from intermetatarsal neuroma?

What is a common complication of neurectomy?

What is the purpose of an MRI in the evaluation of forefoot pain?

What is the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of intermetatarsal neuroma?

What is the purpose of X-ray in the evaluation of forefoot pain?

What is a common feature of intermetatarsal neuroma on MRI?

What is the primary goal of ordering an MRI for a patient with a suspected plantar plate injury?

Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing intermetatarsal neuroma?

What is the primary indication for ordering an arthrogram for a patient with a suspected plantar plate injury?

What is the primary benefit of using ultrasound-guided injections in the treatment of Morton's neuroma?

What is the primary characteristic of a stress fracture on an MRI?

What is the primary role of the sesamoid axial view in the evaluation of preoperative position?

What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with a swollen and tender third metatarsal-phalangeal joint with redness and difficulty moving the joint?

What is the primary purpose of ordering an MRI in a patient with suspected plantar plate rupture?

What is the significance of a positive digital Lachman's test in a patient with suspected plantar plate rupture?

What is the primary advantage of using musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis of Morton's neuroma?

What is the primary indication for ordering a TC-99 scan in a patient with suspected plantar plate rupture?

What is the primary purpose of ordering an X-ray in a patient with suspected metatarsal fracture?

What is the primary benefit of using an Arthrogram in the diagnosis of plantar plate tears?

What is the significance of 'slices' in an MRI?

What is the primary indication for ordering further tests in a patient with a suspected plantar plate tear?

What is the purpose of injecting contrast into the joint during an Arthrogram?

What is the significance of edema on an MRI?

What is the primary benefit of using a plantar approach in plantar plate repair?

What is a characteristic of late-stage Predislocation syndrome?

What is the anatomical structure that inserts into the plantar plate?

What is the imaging modality that may be useful in determining plantar plate tears dynamically?

What is the result of a blood pool phase Tc-99 scan in a patient with a plantar plate tear?

What is the characteristic of the plantar plate in anatomy?

What is the surgical treatment for plantar plate tears in late-stage Predislocation syndrome?

What is a common underlying factor that contributes to capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the primary function of reducing the sesamoid complex with traction during an open first MTPJ reduction?

What is a characteristic symptom of capsulitis/synovitis?

Why is it essential to check the reduction of the sesamoid complex during an open first MTPJ reduction?

What is often seen on plain film radiographs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies, such as psoriatic arthritis?

What is a common presentation of patients with capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the primary characteristic of Predislocation Syndrome stage II?

What is the purpose of Digital Lachman's test in Predislocation Syndrome?

What is the radiographic finding often seen in Predislocation Syndrome?

What is the primary difference between Predislocation Syndrome stage II and stage III?

What is the clinical significance of noticing loss of toe purchase in Predislocation Syndrome?

What is the primary reason for performing Digital Lachman's test on the contralateral side?

What is the typical appearance of joint degeneration in the early stages of Psoriatic Arthritis?

What is the radiographic feature associated with Psoriatic Arthritis?

What is Freiberg's infarction?

What is the percentage of PA patients with nail psoriasis?

What is the characteristic clinical finding of Psoriatic Arthritis?

What is the response of stiffness to increased activity in Psoriatic Arthritis?

What is the typical age range of female patients most commonly affected by Freiberg's infarction?

What is the ratio of female to male patients affected by Freiberg's infarction?

In which metatarsal bone is Freiberg's infarction most commonly seen?

What is the basis of Smille's staging system for Freiberg's infarction?

What is the characteristic of Stage 2 in Freiberg's staging system?

At which stage can joint-sparing surgery no longer be performed in Freiberg's infarction?

What is the radiographic appearance of a joint with capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the primary association with capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the purpose of taking radiographs during an open first MTPJ reduction?

What is the typical presentation of a patient with capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the significance of tenderness with passive toe ROM in capsulitis/synovitis?

What is the difference between capsulitis and synovitis?

What is the significance of a high ANA titer in a patient's blood?

What is the purpose of measuring Rheumatoid Factor in a patient's blood?

What is the normal range for ESR in adults?

What is the significance of a low CRP titer in a patient's blood?

What is the purpose of performing an Anti-CCP antibody analysis?

What is the significance of a high Anti-CCP antibody level in a patient's blood?

In rheumatoid arthritis, which laboratory test must be normal prior to surgical intervention?

What is the primary purpose of ordering a C-spine X-ray in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Which laboratory test is used to diagnose and monitor rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the significance of a high ESR in rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the role of Anti-CCP antibody analysis in rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the primary benefit of CRP testing in rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the primary purpose of Anti-CCP antibody analysis in inflammatory arthritis?

What is the normal range for ESR in women?

What is the purpose of CRP testing in inflammatory arthritis?

What is the significance of a positive ANA test in inflammatory arthritis?

What is the significance of an elevated ESR in a patient with inflammatory arthritis?

What is the purpose of Rheumatoid Factor diagnosis in inflammatory arthritis?

What is the approximate percentage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who present with rheumatoid nodules at diagnosis?

What is the most common non-skin location of rheumatoid nodules?

What is the characteristic histopathology of rheumatoid nodules?

What is the preferred treatment for symptomatic rheumatoid nodules?

What is the appearance of rheumatoid nodules on ultrasound?

What is the significance of multiple rheumatoid nodules in patients with known rheumatoid arthritis?

What adjunct procedure could have been utilized to provide more stability while walking in a 69-year-old male patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who underwent a Hoffman pan-metatarsal head resection?

What additional diagnostic must be ordered prior to surgical intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the primary goal of the Hoffman procedure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the significance of the Nijmegen criteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the role of the Clayton procedure in the management of rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the purpose of the Hoffman pan-metatarsal head resection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the primary purpose of the Nijmegen classification system?

What is the characteristic of Grade 1 in the Nijmegen classification system?

What is the significance of the Nijmegen classification system in surgical pre-planning?

What is the typical finding on X-rays in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according to the Nijmegen classification system?

What is the correlation between staging and pain level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according to the initial study on the Nijmegen classification system?

What is the typical location of peri-articular erosions on X-rays in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according to the Nijmegen classification system?

What is the primary advantage of the plantar approach in HoffmanClayton procedure?

Which of the following surgical approaches has a higher incidence of skin slough?

What is the primary disadvantage of the dorsal linear 3 incision approach?

Which of the following surgical approaches is considered technically difficult and requires meticulous dissection?

What is the primary advantage of the dorsal linear 5 incision approach?

What is the primary consideration for the pan-metatarsal head resection procedure?

What is the orientation of the bone cut during PAN met head resection?

What is the purpose of longitudinally dividing the EDL and EDB tendons during PAN met head resection?

Why is it important to free the soft tissue attachments to the head of the metatarsal during PAN met head resection?

What is the purpose of using a bone rasp to smooth down the remaining metatarsal during PAN met head resection?

What is the advantage of using a midline incision for met heads 2/3, and 4/5?

What is the purpose of reflecting the soft tissue attachments to the head of the metatarsal during PAN met head resection?

What is the primary approach to resecting the metatarsal heads during a Pan Met Head Resection?

What is the purpose of bending the wire and capping it after pinning the toes during a Pan Met Head Resection?

What is the recommended depth of resection of the head of the proximal phalanx during a Pan Met Head Resection?

What is the primary goal of developing the first MTPJ incision during a Pan Met Head Resection?

What is the significance of the 'sharp part' being placed medial and dorsal during a Pan Met Head Resection?

What is the purpose of using a Rongeur or reciprocating saw during a Pan Met Head Resection?