Digestive System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the myenteric plexus in the muscularis?

  • To carry away absorbed nutrients
  • To control contractions (correct)
  • To sense the amount of food present
  • To regulate digestive chemicals

What is the purpose of the hepatic portal system?

  • To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the alimentary canal
  • To remove non-absorbed and undigested material from the body
  • To regulate the amount of digestive chemicals in the gut
  • To take nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine to the liver (correct)

What is the difference between propulsion and peristalsis?

  • Propulsion is voluntary, while peristalsis is automatic (correct)
  • Propulsion is the movement of food through the esophagus, while peristalsis is the movement of food through the small intestine
  • Propulsion is the removal of non-absorbed material, while peristalsis is the absorption of nutrients
  • Propulsion is the act of chewing, while peristalsis is the breakdown of food

What is the purpose of segmentation in the small intestine?

<p>To move food back and forth to promote more digestion and absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lingual frenulum?

<p>To hold the tongue in place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of saliva containing IgA?

<p>To make saliva antimicrobial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis in the pharynx?

<p>To stop food from going into the trachea and causing choking and suffocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters?

<p>To separate the esophagus from the pharynx and stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medulla oblongata in the swallowing process?

<p>To control the automatic muscular contractions of deglutition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between body weight and stomach size?

<p>Body weight does not correlate to stomach size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of the digestive system?

<p>Alimentary canal and accessory organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal replenishes itself every 3-7 days?

<p>Mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa?

<p>Increases surface area of the stomach and small intestines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?

<p>Pharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscularis layer?

<p>Promotes mechanical digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is found at both ends of the alimentary canal?

<p>Skeletal muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ileocecal sphincter?

<p>To relax and allow chyme to enter the large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for chyme to leave the intestine?

<p>3-5 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the large intestine?

<p>To synthesize vitamins and create feces for elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?

<p>It is found at the start of the large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hepatic portal vein?

<p>To bring digested and absorbed food to the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile in the digestive system?

<p>To emulsify large lipids for better digestion and absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of pancreatic amylase?

<p>To convert disaccharides and polysaccharides into monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Valsalva maneuver in the digestive system?

<p>It is a voluntary contraction that helps push out feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hepatic sinusoid in the liver?

<p>To allow hepatocytes access to the blood for processing nutrients and waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating the pancreas?

<p>It stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

<p>To control the movement of food from the stomach to the duodenum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parietal cells in the stomach?

<p>To secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mucosal barrier in the stomach?

<p>To protect the stomach lining from being digested by gastric juices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is the longest?

<p>Ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

<p>To increase the surface area for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ileocecal sphincter?

<p>To control the movement of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stopping segmentation and initiating peristalsis in the small intestine?

<p>Motilin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of circular folds in the small intestine?

<p>To slow down the movement of chyme for better absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the stomach secrete an acidic mucus different from that secreted by goblet cells?

<p>Mucus neck cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

<p>To absorb nutrients and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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