Digestive System Overview Quiz

Digestive System Overview

• The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste
• Key organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Terminology Related to the Digestive System

• Small Intestine:
  • Duodenum: First portion of the small intestine
  • Ileum: Terminal portion of the small intestine
  • Jejunum: Middle portion of the small intestine
• Enzyme: An organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions
• Peritoneum: A large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity, supporting abdominal organs
• Emesis: Vomiting

Combining Forms in Digestive Terminology

• Gastr/o: Refers to the stomach
  • Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach
• Lingu/o: Refers to the tongue
• Or/o: Refers to the mouth
• Enter/o: Refers to the intestines (typically small intestine)
  • Enteropathy: Disease of the intestine
• Hepat/o: Refers to the liver
  • Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver
  • Hepatotoxicity: Toxicity or poisoning of the liver
• Chol/e, Cholecyst/o: Refers to bile or gallbladder
  • Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder
• Gingiv/o: Refers to the gum
• Pancreat/o: Refers to the pancreas

Suffixes in Digestive Terminology

• Pepsia: Refers to digestion
  • Dyspepsia: Indigestion or difficulty in digestion
  • Eupepsia: Normal digestion
• -ectomy: Refers to surgical removal
  • Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix
  • Colectomy: Surgical removal of part of the colon
• -megaly: Refers to enlargement
  • Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen
  • Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver

Prefixes in Digestive Terminology

• Hyper-: Means "excessive" or "over"
  • Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting
  • Hyperacidity: Excess acid in the stomach
• Hypo-: Means "below normal" or "deficient"
  • Hypogastric: Below the stomach
  • Hypoacidity: Below normal stomach acid levels
• Dys-: Refers to "difficult" or "painful"
  • Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
  • Dyspepsia: Difficult or painful digestion

Common Digestive Disorders

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux irritating the esophagus
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Affects the large intestine, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea
• Ulcerative Colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcer formation
• Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the digestive tract
• Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity
• Cholelithiasis: Presence of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
• Hemorrhoids: Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain and bleeding
• Hematemesis: Vomiting blood

Diagnostic Procedures in the Digestive System

• Endoscopy: Procedure using a camera to view the inside of the digestive tract
• Colonoscopy: Examination of the colon using a scope
• Barium Swallow: X-ray of the upper digestive tract after swallowing barium

Medical Terminology Related to the Liver

• Hepat/o: Refers to liver
  • Hepatopathy: Disease of the liver
  • Hepatotoxicity: Toxicity or poisoning of the liver
• Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage leading to liver failure
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels

Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System

• Find the table listing abbreviations and their full terms

Case Study (Patient Profile and Chief Complaint)

• Patient: Ahmad, 51-year-old businessman
• History: 10-year history of heartburn, worsening over the past year
• Chief Complaint: Frequent epigastric pain (upper abdominal area) and heartburn occurring after meals and at bedtime. Regurgitation (feeling of food or acid returning to the throat) but no aspiration into the lungs.

Case Study (History of Present Illness)

• Ahmad has experienced heartburn for over 10 years, worsening over the past year.
• Symptoms are now daily, including at night, causing sleep disruption and fatigue.
• Has intermittently taken OTC antacids and PPIs with limited relief.

Case Study (Diagnosis)

• Diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Suspected erosive esophagitis, a need for further evaluation with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Case Study (Clinical Course and Prescription)

• Prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (like omeprazole) to reduce stomach acid to allow the esophagus to heal
• 4-week follow-up after the PPI treatment before undergoing an endoscopy in 7 weeks.

Test your knowledge on the digestive system with this comprehensive quiz. Explore key organs, relevant terminology, and critical concepts related to digestion and absorption. Perfect for students learning about human anatomy and physiology.