Digestive System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the To produceTo break dTo circulat To filter waste

  • To filter waste
  • To break down (correct)
  • To produce
  • To circulate

Where doeStomach Small intes Mouth Esophagus

  • Stomach
  • Mouth (correct)
  • Small intestine
  • Esophagus

What type Chemical cMechanica Nutritional Absorptive digestion

  • Mechanical (correct)
  • Chemical
  • Nutritional
  • Absorptive

Which enzyPepsin Amylase Lipase Protease

<p>Pepsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theAbsorbs nuMixes foodTransports Produces digestive acids

<p>Produces digestive acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orgaLiver Gallbladde Pancreas Small intestine

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stoma Sulfuric aciHydrochlorLactic acidAcetic acid

<p>Hydrochloric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prev Trachea Epiglottis Pharynx Uvula

<p>Epiglottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where doeStomach Large intesSmall intesEsophagus

<p>Stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fingeCilia Microvilli Enzymes Nerve endings

<p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Digest proſEmulsify faBreak dow Absorb minerals

<p>Emulsify fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What orga Liver Pancreas Gallbladde Stomach

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscPeristalsis Osmosis Diffusion Filtration

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primarDigest proſAbsorb wa Store bile Break down carbohydrates

<p>Break down carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of tłDuodenumJejunum Ileum Rectum

<p>Duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strucPyloric sphCardiac sp Bile duct Epiglottis

<p>Bile duct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orgaGallbladdeLiver Pancreas Small intestine

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ch A hormoneA mixture (An enzymeA type of nutrient

<p>An enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Stomach Pancreas Liver Esophagus

<p>Pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part Dentin Enamel Pulp Cementum

<p>Pulp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conn Trachea EsophagusDuodenumLarge intestine

<p>Esophagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which partSmall intesLarge intesStomach Esophagus

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteEnzymes Mucus Bile Saliva

<p>Enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrFats Carbohydr Proteins Vitamins

<p>Fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theAbsorb nutStore wastDigest fatsProduce bile

<p>Produce bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What orga Stomach Large intesSmall intesPancreas

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brealAmylase Pepsin Lipase Trypsin

<p>Lipase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is b Gallbladde Liver Pancreas Stomach

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pancreProteins orCarbohydr Fats only Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

<p>Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is th Secrete di Absorb wailncrease n Store bile

<p>Secrete digestive juices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thePeristalsis Digestion AbsorptionIngestion

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The large i Nutrients Water Proteins Vitamins

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Proteins Glycogen Fat Fiber

<p>Fiber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gallblaLarge intesSmall intesStomach Esophagus

<p>Large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutri Proteins Carbohydr Fats Vitamins

<p>Vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where doeLarge intesSmall intesStomach Mouth

<p>Mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Produce bi Secrete enAbsorb nutStore waste

<p>Store waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final seJejunum Ileum DuodenumRectum

<p>Rectum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prev Pyloric sphCardiac sp Epiglottis Uvula

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majori Stomach Small intesLarge intesPancreas

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The digest Respirator Nervous Muscular Circulatory

<p>Muscular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trigg Saliva Stomach a Fats in foo Sugar

<p>Fats in food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theDigestion AbsorptionUnknown Elimination

<p>Elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vita Vitamin C Vitamin K Vitamin A Vitamin D

<p>Vitamin D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What orga Liver Stomach Gallbladde Pancreas

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which partLarge intesStomach Small intesEsophagus

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theAbsorb waiBreak dow Digest fatsNeutralize bile

<p>Neutralize bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main Absorb nutMoisten fo‹Store enzy Digest proteins

<p>Digest proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stru Microvilli Lacteals Capillaries Bile ducts

<p>Microvilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is theCecum Ileum Colon Rectum

<p>Cecum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.

Ingestion

The process of taking in food through the mouth.

Peristalsis

The process of moving food through the digestive tract.

Absorption

The process of absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.

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Elimination

The process of removing waste products from the body.

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Mouth

The first part of the digestive system where food enters the body.

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Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

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Stomach

A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with digestive juices.

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Small intestine

The main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

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Large intestine

The final part of the digestive system where water is absorbed and waste is formed.

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Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

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Hydrochloric acid

A strong acid produced in the stomach that helps break down food.

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Pepsin

A powerful enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins.

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Bile

A digestive juice produced by the liver that helps break down fats.

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Gallbladder

A small, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile.

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Pancreas

A gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

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Microvilli

A group of finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

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Peristalsis

A type of muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract.

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Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine where most digestion occurs.

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Pyloric sphincter

A muscular ring that controls the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

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Ileum

The final segment of the small intestine where most nutrient absorption occurs.

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Cecum

The first part of the large intestine.

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Cardiac sphincter

A muscular ring that controls the flow of food from the esophagus to the stomach.

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Colon

A long, coiled tube that forms part of the large intestine.

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Rectum

The final segment of the large intestine where waste is stored before elimination.

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Amylase

A digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.

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Lipase

A digestive enzyme that breaks down fats.

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Trypsin

A digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins.

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Enamel

The hard outer layer of a tooth.

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Pulp

The inner portion of a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels.

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Study Notes

Digestive System

  • Digestion: The process of breaking down food for absorption
  • Organs Involved: Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, esophagus
  • Functions of Organs:
    • Esophagus: Transports food from mouth to stomach
    • Stomach: Breaks down food mechanically and chemically, mixes food with gastric juices
    • Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients; mixes food with digestive enzymes
    • Large Intestine: Absorbs water and electrolytes, forms waste
    • Liver: Produces bile, processes nutrients, filters blood
    • Gallbladder: Stores bile
    • Pancreas: Secretes enzymes to aid digestion
  • Enzymes:
    • Amylase: Digests carbohydrates
    • Lipase: Digests fats
    • Protease: Digests proteins

Digestive Processes

  • Mechanical Digestion: The physical breakdown of food (e.g., chewing, churning)
  • Chemical Digestion: The breakdown of food using enzymes
  • Absorption: The process of taking nutrients into the bloodstream
  • Elimination: The removal of undigested food from the body

Accessory Organs

  • Gallbladder: Stores bile
  • Pancreas: Produces enzymes, regulates blood sugar

Absorption

  • Nutrients Absorbed: Water, vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
  • Absorption Sites: Small intestine - most absorption, large intestine - some water absorption
  • Specialized Structures: Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption

Important Processes

  • Peristalsis: Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
  • Secretion: Release of fluids and enzymes to aid in digestion
  • Elimination: Removing waste (feces) from the body

Specific Nutrients

  • Carbohydrates: Broken down into simple sugars
  • Proteins: Broken down into amino acids
  • Fats: Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Other

  • Digestive Hormones: Regulate secretions and motility.

  • Bile: Emulsifies fats

  • Nutrients: Processed and converted to energy or building blocks

  • Components of Food: Proteins, carbohydrates, fats

  • Types of Nutrients: Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

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