Questions and Answers
Functions of the large intestine include:
Match the following structures with their functions:
Pancreas = Organ that adds exocrine secretions to the duodenum via a duct. Pylorus = Location of the sphincter that prevents premature emptying of the stomach. Rectum = Small intestine = Nutrient absorption occurs primarily here. Stomach =
Blood draining from the intestines flows directly to the ________.
Liver for filtering.
Mucus functions in
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In the body, 80% of all lymphocytes are thought to be present in the
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Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the four basic functions of the digestive system?
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What enzyme is responsible for producing bicarbonate in pancreatic acini and in duodenal cells?
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Rugae, plicae, and villi are all features that accomplish
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The four processes of the digestive system include digestion, absorption, secretion, and which other function?
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The swallowing center in the brain is located in the
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In the digestive system, HCl is released by ________, whereas HCO3- is secreted primarily from the ________.
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Match the following structures with the appropriate description:
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Nutrient absorption occurs primarily in the
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Which of the following events does NOT occur when you swallow?
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Chemical digestion refers to
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Saliva is
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Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by ________ large fat droplets.
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Bile is secreted by
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Which of the following statements is true about GI muscle contractions?
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In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid rich in
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The ________ is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes, but NOT of nutrients.
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Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of
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Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it:
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Merely anticipating that one is about to eat can trigger the ________ phase of digestion.
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Why is the digestive system longer in dead people?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Large Intestine
- Key function: resorption of water and compaction of feces.
- Absorption of digestion products and temporary food storage are additional roles.
Digestive Structures and Functions
- Pylorus acts as a sphincter preventing premature stomach emptying.
- Pancreas adds exocrine secretions to the duodenum.
Blood Flow and Filtering
- Blood draining from the intestines flows directly to the liver for filtering.
Mucus Role
- Mucus provides protection and lubrication within the digestive system.
Immune System Cells
- Approximately 80% of all lymphocytes are located in the small intestine.
Enzymatic Functions
- Carbonic anhydrase is the key enzyme for bicarbonate production in pancreatic acini and duodenal cells.
Surface Area Increase
- Structures like rugae, plicae, and villi enhance surface area for absorption.
Digestive Processes
- The four main processes: digestion, absorption, secretion, and motility.
Swallowing Coordination
- The swallowing center is located in the medulla oblongata, coordinating muscular reflexes.
Acid and Bicarbonate Secretion
- HCl is released by parietal cells in the stomach; HCO3- is primarily secreted by the pancreas.
Function of the Colon
- The colon processes chyme to extract water and electrolytes, leaving waste products.
Nutrient Absorption
- Primary site of nutrient absorption is the small intestine.
Events During Swallowing
- The upper esophageal sphincter does not close during swallowing; instead, it relaxes.
Chemical Digestion
- Refers to the enzymatic breakdown of food.
Composition of Saliva
- Saliva is slightly acidic (pH 6-7) and regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Role of Bile Salts
- Bile salts emulsify large fat droplets, facilitating fat digestion.
Bile Secretion
- Bile is exclusively secreted by hepatocytes.
GI Muscle Contractions
- Phasic contractions in the stomach and small intestine last only seconds, facilitating digestion.
Secretin Response
- In response to secretin, the pancreas secretes a bicarbonate-rich fluid.
Large Intestine Absorption
- The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, but not nutrients.
Impact of Bile Salts
- Decreased bile salts in bile hinders the digestion of fats.
Goblet Cells Secretion
- Goblet cells are responsible for mucus secretion in the digestive tract.
Cephalic Phase of Digestion
- Anticipation of eating triggers the cephalic phase of digestion.
Length of the Digestive System
- The digestive system is longer in deceased individuals (23-30 ft) than in living ones (16-23 ft) due to muscle relaxation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the digestive system with these flashcards from Human Physiology Chapter 21. This quiz covers the functions of the large intestine, as well as matching important structures to their functions. Strengthen your understanding of how the digestive system operates through engaging practice.
