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Questions and Answers
What is the main biological currency for driving reactions?
What is the main biological currency for driving reactions?
Where does the energy for generating ATP come from in multi-organ animals?
Where does the energy for generating ATP come from in multi-organ animals?
What are the two distinct phases of metabolism in multi-organ animals?
What are the two distinct phases of metabolism in multi-organ animals?
Why is the gastrointestinal tract considered the main site of extracellular metabolism?
Why is the gastrointestinal tract considered the main site of extracellular metabolism?
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What is the main purpose of extracellular metabolism in the gastrointestinal system?
What is the main purpose of extracellular metabolism in the gastrointestinal system?
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Where does the digestion of proteins primarily occur?
Where does the digestion of proteins primarily occur?
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the saliva?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the saliva?
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What is the final product of the digestion of maltose?
What is the final product of the digestion of maltose?
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids?
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What is the main function of nucleosidases in the digestive system?
What is the main function of nucleosidases in the digestive system?
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How much water is absorbed from the intestine?
How much water is absorbed from the intestine?
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What happens to the majority of the fluid recycled back into the blood from the digestive system?
What happens to the majority of the fluid recycled back into the blood from the digestive system?
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Where does starch digestion start?
Where does starch digestion start?
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Where are monosaccharides like glucose and fructose absorbed into the body?
Where are monosaccharides like glucose and fructose absorbed into the body?
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Where does the extracellular metabolism of dietary proteins begin?
Where does the extracellular metabolism of dietary proteins begin?
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How are fats processed and transported in the digestive system?
How are fats processed and transported in the digestive system?
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What happens to emulsified droplets of fat in the digestive system?
What happens to emulsified droplets of fat in the digestive system?
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How much water enters the GI tract to digest less than 1 kg of food?
How much water enters the GI tract to digest less than 1 kg of food?
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Why is water needed in the digestive system?
Why is water needed in the digestive system?
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What is the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
What is the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
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What are the components of the GI system?
What are the components of the GI system?
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What are the digestive activities in the lumen of the GI tract referred to as?
What are the digestive activities in the lumen of the GI tract referred to as?
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What does the extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system involve?
What does the extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system involve?
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Study Notes
Extracellular and Cellular Metabolism in Digestive System
- Ingested food is broken down into smaller molecules in the digestive system through extracellular metabolism
- Gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of GI tract and accessory organs, including mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, salivary glands, liver, and gallbladder
- Digestive activities in the lumen of GI tract are referred to as "extracellular" metabolism as it is continuous with the outside environment
- Starch digestion starts in the mouth by amylase and continues in the upper part of the stomach, then fully digested in the small intestine
- Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose are absorbed into the body across the epithelial cells lining the villus and then enter the blood
- Extracellular metabolism of dietary proteins begins in the stomach, where pepsin unfolds and cleaves peptide bonds, further cut in the small intestine
- Fats are processed and transported differently due to their insolubility in aqueous mediums, emulsified into smaller droplets in the small intestine
- Emulsified droplets of fat are digested by lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides, then recombined into triglycerides in intestinal epithelial cells
- Over 8 liters of water enters the GI tract to digest less than 1 kg of food, with 99% being absorbed back into the blood
- Water is needed to hydrolyze monomeric or dimeric units of each macromolecule during digestion
- The digestive system consists of complex processes for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from ingested food
- The extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system involves numerous enzymes, organs, and mechanisms for the breakdown and absorption of macronutrients.
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Description
Test your knowledge of extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system with this quiz. Explore the processes of breaking down and absorbing nutrients from ingested food, involving enzymes, organs, and mechanisms.
