Digestive System Metabolism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main biological currency for driving reactions?

Glucose

ATP (correct)

Fatty acids

Proteins

Where does the energy for generating ATP come from in multi-organ animals?

Air and water

Other organisms

Sun and food/nutrients (correct)

Soil and minerals

What are the two distinct phases of metabolism in multi-organ animals?

Extracellular and Cellular (correct)

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Catabolic and Anabolic

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Why is the gastrointestinal tract considered the main site of extracellular metabolism?

It is where macromolecules from food are broken down and processed Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of extracellular metabolism in the gastrointestinal system?

To break down macromolecules from food into their monomeric units for absorption and cellular metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Where does the digestion of proteins primarily occur?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the saliva?

Salivary amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the digestion of maltose?

Glucose + glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids?

Lipase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nucleosidases in the digestive system?

To break down nucleotides into bases, sugars, and phosphates Signup and view all the answers

How much water is absorbed from the intestine?

6700 ml Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the majority of the fluid recycled back into the blood from the digestive system?

It is absorbed by the cells for cellular metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Where does starch digestion start?

In the mouth by amylase Signup and view all the answers

Where are monosaccharides like glucose and fructose absorbed into the body?

Across the epithelial cells lining the villus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the extracellular metabolism of dietary proteins begin?

In the stomach Signup and view all the answers

How are fats processed and transported in the digestive system?

Emulsified into smaller droplets in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What happens to emulsified droplets of fat in the digestive system?

Digested by lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides Signup and view all the answers

How much water enters the GI tract to digest less than 1 kg of food?

Over 8 liters Signup and view all the answers

Why is water needed in the digestive system?

To hydrolyze monomeric or dimeric units of each macromolecule during digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system?

To break down ingested food into smaller molecules Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the GI system?

GI tract and accessory organs Signup and view all the answers

What are the digestive activities in the lumen of the GI tract referred to as?

Extracellular metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What does the extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system involve?

Numerous enzymes, organs, and mechanisms for the breakdown and absorption of macronutrients Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Extracellular and Cellular Metabolism in Digestive System

Ingested food is broken down into smaller molecules in the digestive system through extracellular metabolism
Gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of GI tract and accessory organs, including mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, salivary glands, liver, and gallbladder
Digestive activities in the lumen of GI tract are referred to as "extracellular" metabolism as it is continuous with the outside environment
Starch digestion starts in the mouth by amylase and continues in the upper part of the stomach, then fully digested in the small intestine
Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose are absorbed into the body across the epithelial cells lining the villus and then enter the blood
Extracellular metabolism of dietary proteins begins in the stomach, where pepsin unfolds and cleaves peptide bonds, further cut in the small intestine
Fats are processed and transported differently due to their insolubility in aqueous mediums, emulsified into smaller droplets in the small intestine
Emulsified droplets of fat are digested by lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides, then recombined into triglycerides in intestinal epithelial cells
Over 8 liters of water enters the GI tract to digest less than 1 kg of food, with 99% being absorbed back into the blood
Water is needed to hydrolyze monomeric or dimeric units of each macromolecule during digestion
The digestive system consists of complex processes for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from ingested food
The extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system involves numerous enzymes, organs, and mechanisms for the breakdown and absorption of macronutrients.

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Description

Test your knowledge of extracellular and cellular metabolism in the digestive system with this quiz. Explore the processes of breaking down and absorbing nutrients from ingested food, involving enzymes, organs, and mechanisms.