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Digestive System Mechanics
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Digestive System Mechanics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of teeth in the mechanical digestion process?

  • To churn and grind food (correct)
  • To propel food through the digestive tract
  • To absorb nutrients
  • To chemically break down food
  • What role do gastric juices play in the stomach?

  • They break down food chemically (correct)
  • They propel food through the digestive tract
  • They mechanically grind food
  • They absorb nutrients
  • Which of the following best describes segmentation in the small intestine?

  • Mixing of food with digestive juices (correct)
  • A voluntary act of swallowing
  • Relaxation of muscles ahead of the bolus
  • Muscle contractions that push food down
  • What is the term for the involuntary muscle action that propels food through the digestive tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the contraction and relaxation of muscles during peristalsis?

    <p>Longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site does NOT participate in mechanical digestion?

    <p>The large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does saliva contribute to mechanical digestion?

    <p>By helping to grind food into smaller particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs in the stomach to enhance mechanical digestion?

    <p>Churning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the involuntary movement of food through the digestive tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller fragments?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastric juices in digestion?

    <p>To break down complex molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the absorption of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of muscle contractions during digestion in the alimentary canal?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes occurs after food is broken down into smaller particles?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action involves the voluntary movement of food through the throat?

    <p>Swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elimination of waste from the body is known as what?

    <p>Defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pepsin in the digestive system?

    <p>To digest proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the small intestine significantly increases the surface area for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Circular folds, villi, and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do circular folds in the small intestine aid in digestion?

    <p>By slowing down chyme movement for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium serve?

    <p>They help in nutrient and electrolyte absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the core found in the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>Capillaries and lacteals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of mechanical digestion in the small intestine?

    <p>Movement of food through peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of intestinal juice secreted by crypts in the small intestine?

    <p>7-7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the brush border formed by microvilli in the small intestine?

    <p>To complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates pepsinogen to become active pepsin in the stomach?

    <p>Acidic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the small intestine?

    <p>It is highly adapted with folds, villi, and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Propulsion of Food

    • Food moves through the digestive tract via two processes: swallowing (voluntary) and peristalsis (involuntary).
    • Peristalsis involves alternating contractions and relaxations of circular and longitudinal muscles.
    • Circular muscles contract behind the bolus, while longitudinal muscles ahead of the bolus relax, pushing the bolus down the tract.

    Mechanical Digestion

    • Mechanical digestion occurs at three key sites:
      • Mouth: Teeth grind, churn, and mix food with saliva.
      • Stomach: Food is churned and mixed with gastric juices.
      • Small Intestine: Segmentation occurs, further mixing food.

    Chemical Digestion

    • Breaks down complex molecules into smaller chemical units using enzymes.
    • Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin in the stomach, aiding in protein digestion.

    Nutrient Absorption

    • Digested products pass from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph via passive or active transport.
    • The small intestine's structure maximizes nutrient absorption efficiency.

    Anatomy of the Small Intestine

    • The small intestine is long and features circular folds, villi, and microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
    • Circular folds (plicae circulares): Deep folds in the mucosa and submucosa slow down chyme movement for better absorption time.
    • Villi: Small projections made of absorptive epithelial cells connected by tight junctions, containing a capillary bed and lacteals for nutrient transport.
    • Microvilli: Dense projections on epithelial cells, forming a 'brush border' that hosts enzymes for carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid digestion.

    Intestinal Glands

    • Located in the pits between villi, known as intestinal crypts, and secrete intestinal juice (pH 7.4).

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    Related Documents

    Week 1 - Digestive System.pdf

    Description

    Explore the processes involved in the propulsion of food through the digestive tract, including voluntary swallowing and the involuntary mechanism of peristalsis. Additionally, learn about the role of mechanical digestion in the mouth and key sites in the digestive system.

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