Podcast
Questions and Answers
What physiological action is initiated by the bolus exerting pressure on the pharynx during swallowing?
What physiological action is initiated by the bolus exerting pressure on the pharynx during swallowing?
- Blocking of the trachea.
- Contraction of muscles in the pharynx. (correct)
- Widening of the esophagus.
- Sealing off the nasopharynx.
During swallowing, what role does the larynx play in preventing food from entering the respiratory tract?
During swallowing, what role does the larynx play in preventing food from entering the respiratory tract?
- It stimulates insulin release.
- It widens the esophagus.
- It moves upwards to block the passage of food. (correct)
- It triggers peristalsis.
What is the primary function of peristalsis in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of peristalsis in the digestive system?
- To regulate blood sugar levels.
- To prevent food from entering the nose.
- To emulsify fats.
- To facilitate the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach. (correct)
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
From what part of the pancreas is insulin released into the bloodstream?
From what part of the pancreas is insulin released into the bloodstream?
What process is directly facilitated by the release of insulin?
What process is directly facilitated by the release of insulin?
What is one of the liver's metabolic functions related to glucose?
What is one of the liver's metabolic functions related to glucose?
Which of the following is a function of the liver related to waste management?
Which of the following is a function of the liver related to waste management?
What is the role of bile in the digestive process?
What is the role of bile in the digestive process?
Which of the following is transported from the digestive system to the liver through the hepatic portal system?
Which of the following is transported from the digestive system to the liver through the hepatic portal system?
What blood components are synthesized by the liver?
What blood components are synthesized by the liver?
What role does the liver play in relation to red blood cells?
What role does the liver play in relation to red blood cells?
What is the consequence of low insulin levels in the body?
What is the consequence of low insulin levels in the body?
What vitamins are stored by the liver?
What vitamins are stored by the liver?
In what order does food move once it enters your mouth?
In what order does food move once it enters your mouth?
Which structure seals off the nasopharynx during swallowing?
Which structure seals off the nasopharynx during swallowing?
What process is involved when all blood from intestines goes back to the liver?
What process is involved when all blood from intestines goes back to the liver?
Where does the liver send its processed products after receiving them from the digestive system?
Where does the liver send its processed products after receiving them from the digestive system?
Which process involves both muscle contractions?
Which process involves both muscle contractions?
Which function is not specifically related to the liver?
Which function is not specifically related to the liver?
Flashcards
Swallowing
Swallowing
Food is transported from the mouth to the stomach through nerve and muscle tissue coordination.
Soft Palate Function
Soft Palate Function
The soft palate seals off the nasopharynx to prevent food from entering the nose during swallowing.
Larynx During Swallowing
Larynx During Swallowing
The larynx moves up to stop food passage through the trachea, widening the esophagus for bolus passage.
Esophageal Food Passage
Esophageal Food Passage
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Epiglottis Function
Epiglottis Function
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Insulin Source
Insulin Source
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Insulin's Role
Insulin's Role
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Glycogen Storage
Glycogen Storage
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Diabetes Cause
Diabetes Cause
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Bile Production
Bile Production
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Ammonia Conversion
Ammonia Conversion
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Liver Detoxification
Liver Detoxification
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Blood Protein Synthesis
Blood Protein Synthesis
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Vitamin Storage in Liver
Vitamin Storage in Liver
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Red Blood Cell Breakdown
Red Blood Cell Breakdown
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Hepatic Portal System
Hepatic Portal System
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Intestinal Blood Flow
Intestinal Blood Flow
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Study Notes
Digestive System Study Guide
- Swallowing transports food by nerve and muscle tissue coordination from mouth to stomach.
- Bolus puts pressure on the pharynx, stimulating muscle contractions there.
- The soft palate seals off the nasopharynx to prevent food from entering the nose.
- The larynx (voice box) moves up to stop food passage through the trachea (throat), stopping breathing and widening the esophagus
- Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach through muscle contractions called peristalsis.
- The trachea is blocked by a small flap called the epiglottis.
- Peristalsis is defined as muscle contractions.
- The pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream from the "Isle of Langerhans".
- Insulin regulates blood sugar levels and blood pressure.
- When glucose levels rise, insulin is released to help cells absorb sugar for energy and to store extra glycogen in the liver.
- Low insulin levels can cause diabetes.
Liver Functions
- Produces bile, which emulsifies fats.
- Glucose is converted to glycogen.
- Converts toxic ammonia (from amino acid and nucleotide breakdown) into urea, which is excreted in urine by the kidneys.
- Detoxifies the blood by breaking down substances.
- Stores some vitamins such as A, D, E, and K.
- Synthesizes blood proteins such as albumin and fibinogen.
- Destroys red blood cells and converts hemoglobin into bilirubin/biliverdin (bile pigments).
- The hepatic portal system (vein) transports digestive products from the digestive system to the liver.
- This vasculature allows the liver to process nutrients before they enter the circulatory system.
- All blood from the intestines is brought back to the liver through the hepatic portal vein.
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