Digestive System and Glands
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the digestive glands?

  • Regulate appetite
  • Chemically digest food (correct)
  • Store nutrients for later use
  • Mechanically digest food and absorb nutrients

    • What is the name of the cells that synthesize enzymes?

  • Mucous cells
  • Myoepithelial cells
  • Epithelial cells
  • Serous cells (correct)

    • What is the shape of the nucleus in serous cells?

  • Spherical in shape (correct)
  • Flattened ovoid in shape
  • Cuboidal in shape
  • Polarized in shape

    • What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the digestive tract?

    <p>Mouth to anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of mucous cells?

    <p>Cuboidal to columnar in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major digestive glands?

    <p>Major salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of gland that digestive glands are classified as?

    <p>Compound tubuloacinar gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the striated duct?

    <p>To reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the main duct?

    <p>Stratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland has both serous and mucous acini?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the Parotid gland?

    <p>It exclusively has serous acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland has the shortest intercalated duct?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the secretions from the Sublingual gland?

    <p>Mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

    <p>to contract and move secretory products into and through the ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelium in the intercalated duct?

    <p>simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of serous cells in the mixed acinus?

    <p>to cap the ends of mucous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is present in the striated duct?

    <p>simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucous cells in the mixed acinus?

    <p>to secrete mucoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm in the striated duct?

    <p>acidophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the acini in the parotid gland?

    <p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salivary glands has a short striated duct?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main constituent of saliva in the parotid gland?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tunica of the pancreas?

    <p>A thin capsule of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

    <p>To produce digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to the pancreas among the secretory acinus?

    <p>Centroacinar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the serous cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Polarized, pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the secretory zymogen granules in the pancreas?

    <p>Found apically in the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of CCK on secretory granules?

    <p>Promotion of exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Secretin?

    <p>Promotion of water and HCO3− secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of pancreatic juice?

    <p>High pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

    <p>Production of pancreatic juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas?

    <p>Tail of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Glucagon?

    <p>Raising blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cells in the islet of Langerhans?

    <p>Lightly stained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cells that produce Glucagon?

    <p>A cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System

    • The digestive tract is an open, continuous canal from the oral cavity to the anus, responsible for mechanically digesting food and absorbing nutrients.
    • The digestive glands, including major and minor glands, are responsible for chemically digesting food.

    Digestive Glands

    • Components of digestive glands:
      • Major glands: salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
      • Minor glands: small salivary, esophageal, gastric, and intestinal glands
    • Function: to chemically digest food

    Structure of Digestive Glands

    • Compound tubuloacinar glands consisting of:
      • Secretory portion:
        • Secretory cells (serous and mucous cells)
        • Non-secretory cells (myoepithelial cells)
      • Duct system

    Pancreas

    • A mixed exocrine-endocrine gland producing digestive enzymes and hormones
    • Tunica: a thin capsule of connective tissue
    • Parenchyma: consisting of exocrine and endocrine portions

    Exocrine Portion of Pancreas

    • A compound tubuloacinar gland consisting of:
      • Secretory acinus:
        • Entirely serous cells
        • Centroacinar cells (small, pale-stained, unique to the pancreas)
      • Ducts:
        • Intercalated ducts (simple squamous or low cuboidal epithelium)
        • Intralobular ducts (low cuboidal)
        • Interlobular ducts (cuboidal --- low columnar)
        • Main pancreatic duct (high columnar with goblet cells)
    • Functions:
      • Producing pancreatic juice, which is high pH fluid rich in digestive proenzymes
      • Neutralizing acidic chyme from the stomach
      • Activating enzymes to digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

    Endocrine Portion of Pancreas (Islet of Langerhans)

    • Rounded clusters of cells, more abundant in the tail of the pancreas
    • Cells are lightly stained, arranged in cords separated by a network of capillaries (fenestrated)
    • Cell types:
      • A cells (20%): producing glucagon, which stimulates the release of energy stored in glycogen and fat
      • B cells: producing insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels
      • D cells: producing somatostatin, which regulates the release of other hormones
      • PP cells: producing pancreatic polypeptide, which regulates pancreatic secretions and glucose metabolism

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    Description

    Learn about the components and functions of the digestive tract and digestive glands, including major and minor glands.

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