45 Questions
The process by which nutrients are taken up by the cells of the intestine and then passed into the bloodstream is known as?
Absorption
Which cells in the pancreas produce digestive enzymes?
Acinar cells
What is the site where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum?
Ampulla of Vater
What is the term for a sudden inflammation of the pancreas?
Acute pancreatitis
What is the term for the enzymes located on the microvilli of the small intestine cells?
Brush border enzymes
What is the term for difficulty in swallowing?
Dysphagia
What is the purpose of the intrinsic factor produced by the stomach?
To absorb vitamin B12
What is the term for vomiting blood?
Hematemesis
What is the name of the bacteria that can cause stomach infections and lead to ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the term for a condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What is the term for a mass or nodule of chronically inflamed tissue?
Granuloma
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats?
Lipase
What is the role of parietal cells in the stomach lining?
To produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
What is the precursor of pepsin that is secreted by chief cells?
Pepsinogen
What is the membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs?
Peritoneum
What is the term for pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen?
Rebound tenderness
What is the term for patchy areas of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, characteristic of Crohn's disease?
Skip lesions
What is the term for the muscle that controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum?
Sphincter of Oddi
What is the purpose of brush border enzymes?
To break down carbohydrates
What is the condition characterized by frequent, watery bowel movements?
Diarrhea
What is the term for a connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel?
Fistula
What is the term for a sudden and severe disease onset?
Fulminant
What is the role of chief cells in the stomach?
To secrete pepsinogen
What is the term for the cells of the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes?
Acinar cells
What is the process of breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed?
Digestion
What is the term for inflammation of the appendix?
Appendicitis
What is the term for the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system?
Enteric nervous system
What is the function of the mucosal layer in the gastrointestinal tract?
To secrete mucus for protection
What is the term for chronic inflammation of the stomach lining?
Gastritis
What is the name of the bacteria that causes stomach infections and leads to ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the term for vomiting blood?
Hematemesis
What is the function of lipase in digestion?
Breaking down fats
What is the term for black, tarry stools indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding?
Melena
What is the term for a condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
To aid in digestion
What is the term for a mass or nodule of chronically inflamed tissue?
Granuloma
Which cells in the stomach lining produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?
To break down proteins
What is the term for ulcers occurring in the stomach or duodenum due to the breakdown of the mucosal barrier?
Peptic ulcer disease
What is the term for a hole that develops through the wall of a body organ?
Perforation
Which enzyme begins the digestion of starches in the mouth?
Ptyalin
What is the term for the feeling of needing to pass stools even when the bowels are empty?
Tenesmus
What is the term for the layer of the gastrointestinal tract located just beneath the mucosa?
Submucosal layer
Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the small intestine?
Trypsin
What is the term for the location behind the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal
Learn about the key terms and concepts related to the anatomy and functions of the digestive system, including absorption, pancreas, and digestive enzymes.
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