Ch 5: Absorption
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of absorption in the digestive system?

  • To break down food particles
  • To promote food digestion
  • To provide energy (correct)
  • To prevent nutrient absorption

    • Where does most absorption of nutrients occur in the digestive system?

  • Small intestine (correct)
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Large intestine

    • What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

  • To increase surface area for absorption (correct)
  • To store excess nutrients
  • To produce digestive enzymes
  • To secrete mucus

    • How does the epithelium in the villi contribute to the absorption process?

    <p>By allowing nutrients to pass through quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the small intestine absorbs and transports lipids?

    <p>Lacteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of goblet cells in the small intestine?

    <p>To secrete mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there transverse folds in the walls of the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area available for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of blood capillaries in the villi?

    <p>Transport absorbed nutrients like glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the transportation of nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream?

    <p>Active absorption processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the liver play in the assimilation process?

    <p>Metabolizing glucose and deaminating amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does egestion primarily occur?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to feces after being stored in the rectum?

    <p>Expelled through the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for processing substances like alcohol and hormones during assimilation?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in moving nutrients like glucose and amino acids against concentration gradients?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do glucose and amino acids eventually reach after traveling through the blood circulatory system?

    <p>Various body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>To provide a large surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do transverse folds in the walls of the small intestine contribute to absorption?

    <p>By increasing the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in the epithelial cells of the small intestine?

    <p>To provide energy for active absorption processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the epithelium lining the villi only one-cell layer thick?

    <p>To speed up the absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do goblet cells in the small intestine secrete to facilitate absorption?

    <p>Mucus to keep the absorptive surface moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the villi of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing and transporting lipids?

    <p>Lacteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

    <p>Absorbing nutrients from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of blood capillaries in the villi?

    <p>To transport absorbed nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle plays a crucial role in metabolizing glucose and deaminating amino acids during assimilation?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process involved in the transportation of glucose and amino acids from the small intestine into the bloodstream through blood capillaries?

    <p>Active absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do essential nutrients like glucose and amino acids travel to after being transported through the blood circulatory system?

    <p>Body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteriole plays a significant role in supplying blood to the villi for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the removal of undigested material?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the rectum play in the process of egestion?

    <p>Expelling feces through the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the process by which absorbed nutrients are incorporated into the cells of the body?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process requires energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most water and mineral salts absorbed from undigested material in the digestive system?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the liver in the assimilation process?

    <p>Metabolizing glucose and deaminating amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Absorbing lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the body involves incorporating absorbed nutrients into various cells for different purposes?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to feces after being temporarily stored in the rectum?

    <p>Expelled through the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is utilized for protein synthesis within various cells of the body?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transporting essential nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream?

    <p>Growth and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increase the surface area for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do goblet cells contribute to the absorption process in the small intestine?

    <p>Secrete mucus to keep the absorptive surface moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the epithelium lining the villi of the small intestine only one-cell layer thick?

    <p>To allow nutrients to pass through quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lacteals in the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorb and transport lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the transverse folds in the walls of the small intestine contribute to absorption?

    <p>Further increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps provide energy for the active absorption processes in the small intestine?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucus secreted by goblet cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Protect and lubricate the absorptive surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

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