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What are the main jobs of the Respiratory System?
What are the main jobs of the Respiratory System?
What are the two main parts of the Respiratory System?
What are the two main parts of the Respiratory System?
What is the difference between Respiration and Ventilation?
What is the difference between Respiration and Ventilation?
What is the difference between the Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems?
What is the difference between the Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems?
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What is the main function of the Diaphragm?
What is the main function of the Diaphragm?
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Which of the following are considered respiratory problems?
Which of the following are considered respiratory problems?
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What is the main function of the GI Tract?
What is the main function of the GI Tract?
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What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?
What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?
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What is the process of breaking food into smaller pieces using your teeth and mixing it with saliva called?
What is the process of breaking food into smaller pieces using your teeth and mixing it with saliva called?
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What are the muscle valves that control the flow of food in the esophagus called?
What are the muscle valves that control the flow of food in the esophagus called?
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What is the process of moving food from the mouth to the stomach called?
What is the process of moving food from the mouth to the stomach called?
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What happens when old red blood cells break down?
What happens when old red blood cells break down?
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What is the fluid called that the stomach and gastric juices create?
What is the fluid called that the stomach and gastric juices create?
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What are the four main parts of the stomach?
What are the four main parts of the stomach?
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How long does it take for the stomach to empty after eating?
How long does it take for the stomach to empty after eating?
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What is the main job of the Small Intestine?
What is the main job of the Small Intestine?
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What controls the movement of food into the cecum?
What controls the movement of food into the cecum?
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What are the main jobs of the Large Intestine?
What are the main jobs of the Large Intestine?
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What are the three main parts of the Large Intestine?
What are the three main parts of the Large Intestine?
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What is the main role of the Gall Bladder?
What is the main role of the Gall Bladder?
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What is the main function of the Pancreas?
What is the main function of the Pancreas?
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What is the main enzyme in Pancreatic Juice that breaks down carbohydrates?
What is the main enzyme in Pancreatic Juice that breaks down carbohydrates?
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What is the condition called that forms from cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder?
What is the condition called that forms from cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder?
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What is the condition called that occurs when the appendix gets blocked, causing pain, nausea, and vomiting?
What is the condition called that occurs when the appendix gets blocked, causing pain, nausea, and vomiting?
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What are the three types of Hepatitis?
What are the three types of Hepatitis?
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What are the two main phases of breathing?
What are the two main phases of breathing?
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The term 'ventilation' refers to the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.
The term 'ventilation' refers to the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.
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The 'Tidal Volume' of the lungs is the amount of air you can inhale after a normal breath.
The 'Tidal Volume' of the lungs is the amount of air you can inhale after a normal breath.
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The 'Minute Respiratory Volume' is the total amount of air in the lungs.
The 'Minute Respiratory Volume' is the total amount of air in the lungs.
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The 'Residual Volume' is the extra amount of air you can exhale after a normal breath.
The 'Residual Volume' is the extra amount of air you can exhale after a normal breath.
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What are the four functions of the nose?
What are the four functions of the nose?
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What is the name of the structure that divides the nose into right and left sides?
What is the name of the structure that divides the nose into right and left sides?
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What type of tissue is the nasal septum made of?
What type of tissue is the nasal septum made of?
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What is the main function of the pharynx?
What is the main function of the pharynx?
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What is the name of the small piece of tissue that hangs at the back of the mouth and helps with swallowing?
What is the name of the small piece of tissue that hangs at the back of the mouth and helps with swallowing?
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What is the name of the voice box?
What is the name of the voice box?
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What is the name of the flap that covers the airway when swallowing and prevents food from entering the windpipe?
What is the name of the flap that covers the airway when swallowing and prevents food from entering the windpipe?
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What is the name of the large piece of cartilage in front of the larynx, also known as the Adam's Apple?
What is the name of the large piece of cartilage in front of the larynx, also known as the Adam's Apple?
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What is the name of the base of the larynx, located below the thyroid cartilage?
What is the name of the base of the larynx, located below the thyroid cartilage?
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What is the name of the windpipe?
What is the name of the windpipe?
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What is the name of the ridge where the trachea splits into the right and left bronchi?
What is the name of the ridge where the trachea splits into the right and left bronchi?
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What is the name of the membrane that covers the lungs?
What is the name of the membrane that covers the lungs?
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What is the name of the primary muscle for breathing?
What is the name of the primary muscle for breathing?
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What is the name of the condition that causes spasms in the airways, making it difficult to breathe?
What is the name of the condition that causes spasms in the airways, making it difficult to breathe?
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What is the name of the condition that causes inflammation of the bronchi, leading to coughing up thick mucus?
What is the name of the condition that causes inflammation of the bronchi, leading to coughing up thick mucus?
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What is the name of the condition that causes the walls of the alveoli to break down, making breathing harder?
What is the name of the condition that causes the walls of the alveoli to break down, making breathing harder?
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What is the name of the group of diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe, including asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema?
What is the name of the group of diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe, including asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema?
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What is the name of the condition that causes the alveoli to fill with fluid, reducing air space and making it difficult to breathe?
What is the name of the condition that causes the alveoli to fill with fluid, reducing air space and making it difficult to breathe?
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What is the name of the bacterial infection that destroys lung tissue and replaces it with scar tissue, making it harder to breathe?
What is the name of the bacterial infection that destroys lung tissue and replaces it with scar tissue, making it harder to breathe?
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What is the name of the viral infection that causes a stuffy nose and coughing?
What is the name of the viral infection that causes a stuffy nose and coughing?
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What is the name of the viral infection that causes fever, chills, and muscle aches?
What is the name of the viral infection that causes fever, chills, and muscle aches?
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What is the name of the condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow in the lungs, which can be life-threatening?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow in the lungs, which can be life-threatening?
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What is the name of the condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, often due to heart failure, making it difficult to breathe?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, often due to heart failure, making it difficult to breathe?
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What is the name of the condition where a person is not breathing?
What is the name of the condition where a person is not breathing?
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What is the name of the condition in which a person experiences a lack of oxygen, often because of low air oxygen levels, or due to inhaling foreign objects?
What is the name of the condition in which a person experiences a lack of oxygen, often because of low air oxygen levels, or due to inhaling foreign objects?
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What is the name of the condition where a person accidentally breathes in foreign objects, such as food or water, into their lungs?
What is the name of the condition where a person accidentally breathes in foreign objects, such as food or water, into their lungs?
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What is the name of the serious bacterial infection that makes the airway membranes thick and leathery, which can block air and cause suffocation?
What is the name of the serious bacterial infection that makes the airway membranes thick and leathery, which can block air and cause suffocation?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to excessive sweating?
What is the name of the condition that refers to excessive sweating?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to difficult or painful breathing?
What is the name of the condition that refers to difficult or painful breathing?
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What is the name of the condition that occurs when the body's tissues lack oxygen?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the body's tissues lack oxygen?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to difficulty breathing when lying down?
What is the name of the condition that refers to difficulty breathing when lying down?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to paleness of the skin?
What is the name of the condition that refers to paleness of the skin?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to a fast breathing rate?
What is the name of the condition that refers to a fast breathing rate?
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What is the name of the condition that occurs when the blood becomes too acidic due to the body's inability to get rid of enough carbon dioxide, often because of lung disease or inadequate breathing?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the blood becomes too acidic due to the body's inability to get rid of enough carbon dioxide, often because of lung disease or inadequate breathing?
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What is the name of the condition that occurs when the blood becomes too basic due to the body getting rid of too much carbon dioxide, often due to fast breathing or certain medications?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the blood becomes too basic due to the body getting rid of too much carbon dioxide, often due to fast breathing or certain medications?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to a nosebleed?
What is the name of the condition that refers to a nosebleed?
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What is the name of the condition that refers to inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs, causing pain when breathing?
What is the name of the condition that refers to inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs, causing pain when breathing?
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The digestive system includes both the GI Tract and the Accessory Organs.
The digestive system includes both the GI Tract and the Accessory Organs.
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What are the four main parts of the GI Tract?
What are the four main parts of the GI Tract?
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What are the three Accessory Organs of the Digestive System?
What are the three Accessory Organs of the Digestive System?
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Study Notes
Digestive and Respiratory System
- Respiratory System (Simplified): The main jobs are bringing oxygen into the blood, removing carbon dioxide, and maintaining acid/base balance. It also helps with smell, filtering air, producing sounds, and removing waste gases.
- Respiratory System Parts: Upper Respiratory (nose, throat, related parts) and Lower Respiratory (voice box, windpipe, bronchi, lungs).
- Respiratory Processes: Conducting portion (air travels to lungs) and Respiratory portion (oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in alveoli).
- Respiration vs. Ventilation: Respiration is gas exchange between the atmosphere, blood, and cells (external, internal). Ventilation is moving air in and out of lungs.
- Respiratory Air Volumes: Total lung capacity, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual volume. Minute respiratory volume is total air breathed in and out in one minute.
- Nose and Pharynx (Simplified): Warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air, also helps for vocal sounds.
- External Nose: Made of bone and cartilage, covered with skin and lined with mucus, has nostrils (external nares) and a vestibule.
- Internal Nose: Connects to the pharynx (throat) via internal nares.
- Pharynx (Throat): The passageway for air and food and helps with speech. Divided into Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx.
- Larynx (Voice Box): Connects throat to windpipe, has vocal folds that create sound. Has 3 cartilage types (epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage).
- Trachea (Windpipe): Made of C-shaped cartilage rings, keeps trachea open, has cilia (hair) to move mucus and particles.
- Carina: Ridge where trachea divides into bronchi, triggers cough reflex.
- Bronchi: Trachea divides into primary bronchi (right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2), which further divide into secondary (one for each lobe), tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs.
- Lungs: Protected by two membranes (pleural layers): visceral pleura (inside lung) and parietal pleura (outside lung), fluid in between reduces friction.
- Respiratory Muscles: Diaphragm (main breathing in muscle), external intercostals (expand ribs for inhale), internal intercostals (lower ribs to exhale).
- Respiratory Problems: Disorders mentioned include bronchial asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, coryza, influenza, pulmonary embolism, andpulmonary edema.
Digestive System
- Digestive System (Simplified): Two main parts: GI tract (food path) and accessory organs (help digestion).
- GI Tract: Buccal cavity (mouth) --> pharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine
- Accessory Organs: Liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
- Mouth Contents: Lips, teeth, gums, tongue, salivary glands, uvula, hard/soft palate, and cheeks.
- Mouth Processes: Mastication (chewing), produces bolus. Deglutition (swallowing), moves food.
- Pharynx: Muscular tube, moves food to esophagus.
- Esophagus: Muscular tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach. Has upper and lower esophageal sphincters.
- Stomach: Key digestion organ with 4 parts: cardia (food enters from esophagus), fundus (upper storage area), body (main area with folds, or rugae), pylorus (connects to small intestine). Has four gastric glands and produces chyme.
- Peritoneum: Large membrane organ surrounding abdominal organs, two parts (visceral and parietal), contains fluids to reduce friction. Organ support structures covered include mesentery, falciform ligament, and omentums.
- Small Intestine: 3 parts, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ileocecal sphincter, main for absorption.
- Large Intestine: 3 parts, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum; absorbs water, some vitamins, and forms feces.
- Feces: Contains water, inorganic salts, dead cells, bacteria, and leftover matter. Defecation is process of eliminating.
- Liver: Creates bile, excretory and digestive, helps with fat digestion, and contains bilirubin (waste from old red blood cells).
- Gallbladder: Stores bile, releases into small intestine when needed.
- Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic juice (enzymes that break down fats, carbs, and proteins). Has Islets of Langerhans (endocrine cells that make hormones for blood sugar regulation).
- Digestive Problems: Cirrhosis, gastric ulcers, appendicitis, hepatitis (A, B, C), gallstones.
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Description
Explore the essential functions and parts of the respiratory system. This quiz covers key concepts like ventilation, respiration, and the various air volumes associated with lung function. Test your knowledge on how the respiratory system interacts with other bodily systems.
