Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between compliance and elastance in respiratory physiology?
What is the primary difference between compliance and elastance in respiratory physiology?
- Compliance and elastance are synonymous terms with no significant difference.
- Elastance is only relevant in diseases affecting lung capacity.
- Compliance refers to the ability to stretch but elastance refers to the ability to return to its original shape. (correct)
- Compliance is the ability to recoil, while elastance is the ability to stretch.
How do surfactants influence surface tension in the alveoli?
How do surfactants influence surface tension in the alveoli?
- Surfactants reduce surface tension to help stabilize the alveoli. (correct)
- Surfactants increase surface tension, which is necessary for lung expansion.
- Surfactants only affect surface tension in the bronchi.
- Surfactants have no effect on surface tension.
Which factor is most significant in affecting airway resistance?
Which factor is most significant in affecting airway resistance?
- Viscosity of the air
- Temperature of the air
- Radius of the airway (correct)
- Length of the airway
What is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airway resistance?
What is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airway resistance?
What initiates bronchodilation in the respiratory system?
What initiates bronchodilation in the respiratory system?
What is the role of local control mechanisms in ventilation and blood flow?
What is the role of local control mechanisms in ventilation and blood flow?
What happens to blood flow when ventilation decreases in a group of alveoli?
What happens to blood flow when ventilation decreases in a group of alveoli?
What is the typical dead space volume in the lungs?
What is the typical dead space volume in the lungs?
How is total pulmonary ventilation calculated?
How is total pulmonary ventilation calculated?
What role does the diaphragm play during inspiration?
What role does the diaphragm play during inspiration?
Which volume represents the air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation?
Which volume represents the air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation?
What is the main function of the protective mechanism of the respiratory system?
What is the main function of the protective mechanism of the respiratory system?
How does intrapleural pressure contribute to normal lung function?
How does intrapleural pressure contribute to normal lung function?
What defines the total lung capacity?
What defines the total lung capacity?
During expiration, what happens to alveolar pressure?
During expiration, what happens to alveolar pressure?
Which capacity is defined as the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?
Which capacity is defined as the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?
When does alveolar pressure reach its highest point during a respiratory cycle?
When does alveolar pressure reach its highest point during a respiratory cycle?
Which statement correctly explains the tidal volume?
Which statement correctly explains the tidal volume?
What is the effect of decreasing thoracic volume during expiration?
What is the effect of decreasing thoracic volume during expiration?
Flashcards
Compliance in Respiratory Physiology
Compliance in Respiratory Physiology
The ability of the lungs to stretch and expand when air is inhaled. It's a measure of how easily the lungs can change volume in response to pressure changes.
Elastance in Respiratory Physiology
Elastance in Respiratory Physiology
The ability of the lungs to return to their original shape and size after being stretched. It describes the lungs' tendency to recoil.
Surface Tension in Alveoli
Surface Tension in Alveoli
The force that occurs at the surface of water lining the alveoli, causing them to want to collapse.
Surfactant's Role
Surfactant's Role
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Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction
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Bronchodilation
Bronchodilation
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Factors Affecting Airway Resistance
Factors Affecting Airway Resistance
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Total Pulmonary Ventilation
Total Pulmonary Ventilation
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Alveolar Ventilation
Alveolar Ventilation
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Local Control of Ventilation-Perfusion Matching
Local Control of Ventilation-Perfusion Matching
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What are the four major functions of the respiratory system?
What are the four major functions of the respiratory system?
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Tidal Volume (VT)
Tidal Volume (VT)
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
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Expiratory Reserve Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
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Residual Volume
Residual Volume
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Functional Residual Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity
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Total Lung Capacity
Total Lung Capacity
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Vital Capacity
Vital Capacity
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Intrapleural Pressure
Intrapleural Pressure
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How do pressures and lung volumes change during breathing?
How do pressures and lung volumes change during breathing?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Functions
- Four major functions:
- Gas exchange between atmosphere and blood
- Homeostatic regulation of body pH
- Protection from inhaled pathogens
- Vocalization
Lung Volumes and Capacities
- Tidal volume (VT): Normal breathing volume at rest
- Inspiratory reserve volume: Volume breathed beyond tidal volume during a deep breath
- Expiratory reserve volume: Extra volume exhaled beyond tidal volume
- Residual volume: Air remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation (cannot be exhaled)
- Capacities: Combinations of two or more volumes
- Functional residual capacity (FRC): Air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation (Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume)
- Total lung capacity (TLC): The sum of all lung volumes
- Vital capacity (VC): The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation (Inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume)
Spirometer Tracing
- Visual representation of lung volumes and capacities
- Shows the different phases of inhalation and exhalation
- Illustrates the various volumes (tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, residual) and capacities (inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, total lung capacity, functional residual capacity)
Pressure and Lung Volumes During Breathing
- Inspiration: Alveolar pressure decreases, thoracic volume increases (due to diaphragm contraction)
- Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes, thoracic volume decreases, alveolar pressure increases
Intrapleural Pressure
- Sub-atmospheric pressure
- Keeps lungs inflated (-3 mm Hg)
- Pleural cavity: sealed compartment
Alveolar and Intrapleural Pressure Changes
- Alveolar pressure is always greater than intrapleural pressure to inflate lungs
- Intrapleural pressure has greater oscillation
- Lowest pressure point in alveoli: halfway through inspiration
- Highest pressure point in alveoli: halfway through expiration
Lung Compliance and Elastance
- Compliance: Ability to stretch
- Elastance: Ability to return to normal (recoil)
Surface Tension and Surfactants
- Surface tension: Due to water lining alveoli surface
- Surfactants: Reduce surface tension, ensuring alveoli stability
Airway Resistance
- Radius: Largest factor affecting airway resistance; affects bronchoconstriction/dilation
- Bronchoconstriction: Increased resistance (caused by parasympathetic stimulation, binding to muscarinic receptors, closes airway)
- Bronchodilation: Decreased resistance (caused by sympathetic stimulation, binding to B2 receptors, opens airway)
Ventilation and Alveolar Blood Flow Matching
- Perfusion of blood matched to alveolar ventilation for efficient gas exchange
- Decreased ventilation in a region leads to increased CO2, decreased O2, causing vasoconstriction to divert blood to better-ventilated areas
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