Digestion Quiz 2 - Study Notes

Organs that support but are not part of the main digestive tract.

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Enzyme in saliva that digests carbohydrates.

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Enzymes that break down proteins in the small intestine.

Movement of water across a membrane from high to low water concentration.

The process of breaking down food into absorbable molecules.

Swallowed food mass.

Muscle valve connecting the stomach to the small intestine

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.

Enzymes on the surface of small intestine cells.

Starts with both mechanical and chemical digestion.

Process of taking up fatty acids and glycerol into the small intestine.

Little carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach because the low pH inhibits the activity of salivary amylase, the only enzyme present that can break down carbohydrates. The stomach lacks enzymes for carbohydrate digestion.

Bacteria in the large intestine can ferment the remaining carbohydrates after they have passed through the small intestine.

Protein digestion starts in the stomach with the help of pepsin, an enzyme activated by acidic conditions.

Fats are absorbed through the lymphatic system rather than directly entering the bloodstream. They travel in the form of chylomicrons, lipoproteins that carry fats.

Phospholipids, like lecithin, have an important role in fat digestion by helping to emulsify fats, which increases their surface area and allows for better digestion by enzymes.

The tongue helps mix food with saliva, forming a bolus, and aids in swallowing. It also contains taste buds.

Chyme is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

The liver produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats in the small intestine.

These enzymes are located on the surface of small intestinal cells and play a critical role in final carbohydrate digestion.

The large intestine absorbs water and forms and stores feces.

Digestion involves ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, and digestion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to low concentration.

This sphincter connects the small intestine to the large intestine, controlling the flow of digested food from the small intestine into the large intestine.