Digestion  Nutritional Principles Chapter 26
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Questions and Answers

Where does almost all iron absorption occur in humans?

  • Jejunum
  • Stomach
  • Ileum
  • Duodenum (correct)
  • Which protein facilitates basolateral transport of iron out of enterocytes?

  • Apoferritin
  • Hephaestin (correct)
  • Ferritin
  • Transferrin
  • What is the normal percentage of iron saturation in transferrin in the plasma?

  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 50%
  • 35% (correct)
  • Which subtype of heme oxygenase removes Fe2+ from porphyrin in the cytoplasm?

    <p>HO-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the iron stored in the body?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in binding Fe3+ to form transferrin?

    <p>Hephaestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal plasma iron level in women?

    <p>$110 \ μg/dL$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body does heme bind to an apical transport protein?

    <p>Enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of iron in the body?

    <p>Fe2+ in hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of apoferritin in the body?

    <p>Iron storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme can auto-catalytically activate trypsinogen?

    <p>Enterokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some amino acids get liberated by aminopeptidases and endopeptidases?

    <p>Cytoplasm of mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system transports dipeptides and tripeptides into enterocytes using H+?

    <p>PepT1 system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final location where amino acids are digested into the bloodstream?

    <p>Cytoplasm of mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency results in protein malnutrition due to a congenital abnormality?

    <p>Enterokinase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme hydrolyzes amino acids at the carboxyl ends of polypeptides?

    <p>Carboxypeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PepT1 system?

    <p>Transport dipeptides and tripeptides into enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems require Na+ for transport?

    <p>Na+-cotransport systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some free amino acids get liberated in the digestive process?

    <p>Intestinal lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is an exopeptidase that hydrolyzes amino acids at the carboxyl ends of polypeptides?

    <p>Carboxypeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do M cells pass protein antigens to?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transporters are expressed on the apical membrane of enterocytes for nucleoside absorption?

    <p>Equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nucleotides split into nucleosides and phosphoric acid in the intestine?

    <p>Luminal surfaces of mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete IgA in response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quantitative significance of lingual lipase and stomach lipase for lipid digestion?

    <p>Minor contributors to lipid digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transporter requires active transport for absorption of bases in the intestines?

    <p>Concentrative nucleoside transporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are activated lymphoblasts initially released into following circulation?

    <p>Intestinal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species is lingual lipase secreted by Ebner glands?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct effect of free fatty acids generated by lingual and stomach lipase?

    <p>Signal to gastrointestinal tract parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ secretes pancreatic nucleases that split nucleic acids into nucleotides?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

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