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Questions and Answers
What is the main component that makes each amino acid unique?
What is the main component that makes each amino acid unique?
- Acid (carboxylic acid)
- Side group (correct)
- Amino group (nitrogen)
- Carbon skeleton
When dietary amino acids are absorbed, what is one of their fates besides liver synthesis?
When dietary amino acids are absorbed, what is one of their fates besides liver synthesis?
- Converted to vitamins
- Stored in adipose tissue
- Oxidized for energy (correct)
- Excrete through urine
How does the utilization of amino acids differ from carbohydrates and fats?
How does the utilization of amino acids differ from carbohydrates and fats?
- Amino acids are stored in muscle tissue
- Amino acids are stored in the liver
- Amino acids are stored as glycogen
- Amino acids are not stored like carbohydrates and fats (correct)
What is the physiological significance of the free amino acid pool in the body?
What is the physiological significance of the free amino acid pool in the body?
How many essential amino acids are there, and which pair is considered conditionally essential?
How many essential amino acids are there, and which pair is considered conditionally essential?
How many amino acids are classified as non-essential?
How many amino acids are classified as non-essential?
Where does the process of transamination occur?
Where does the process of transamination occur?
What is the general reaction for producing a new amino acid from an amino acid and a keto acid?
What is the general reaction for producing a new amino acid from an amino acid and a keto acid?
What is the primary structure of a protein defined as?
What is the primary structure of a protein defined as?
In which part of the digestive system does the chemical digestion of amino acids start?
In which part of the digestive system does the chemical digestion of amino acids start?
How are dietary proteins primarily absorbed in the small intestine?
How are dietary proteins primarily absorbed in the small intestine?
Where do pancreatic proteases cleave dietary proteins into amino acids and oligopeptides?
Where do pancreatic proteases cleave dietary proteins into amino acids and oligopeptides?
What enzyme is responsible for facilitating the removal of ammonia groups from amino acids?
What enzyme is responsible for facilitating the removal of ammonia groups from amino acids?
What is the main purpose of the urea cycle?
What is the main purpose of the urea cycle?
Which condition can lead to elevated ammonia levels and subsequently hepatic encephalopathy?
Which condition can lead to elevated ammonia levels and subsequently hepatic encephalopathy?
What clinical measurement is commonly used to assess urea levels in the blood?
What clinical measurement is commonly used to assess urea levels in the blood?
In which organ does glutamine act as an ammonia scavenger?
In which organ does glutamine act as an ammonia scavenger?
What condition is associated with negative nitrogen balance?
What condition is associated with negative nitrogen balance?
Which process describes the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the muscle?
Which process describes the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the muscle?
Which amino acid acts as a major gluconeogenic amino acid?
Which amino acid acts as a major gluconeogenic amino acid?
Where are branched-chain amino acids primarily catabolized?
Where are branched-chain amino acids primarily catabolized?
Why are branched-chain amino acids oxidized primarily outside the liver?
Why are branched-chain amino acids oxidized primarily outside the liver?
What is the main cause of kwashiorkor disease?
What is the main cause of kwashiorkor disease?
What are the primary symptoms of kwashiorkor?
What are the primary symptoms of kwashiorkor?
Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?
Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?
How is the amino acid pool in the human body maintained?
How is the amino acid pool in the human body maintained?
What is the fate of nitrogen after the degradation of amino acids?
What is the fate of nitrogen after the degradation of amino acids?
Which enzyme facilitates the transamination of alanine?
Which enzyme facilitates the transamination of alanine?
What does elevated AST and ALT indicate in a liver function test?
What does elevated AST and ALT indicate in a liver function test?
What are the primary treatments for kwashiorkor?
What are the primary treatments for kwashiorkor?
What is the main function of amino acids in the gut?
What is the main function of amino acids in the gut?
Where is the majority of the free amino acid pool located in the body?
Where is the majority of the free amino acid pool located in the body?
What is the physiological significance of glutamine in the kidney, besides fuel?
What is the physiological significance of glutamine in the kidney, besides fuel?
During fasting, what is the major site contributing to the amino acid pool?
During fasting, what is the major site contributing to the amino acid pool?
What can a pure protein meal promote in terms of hormone secretion?
What can a pure protein meal promote in terms of hormone secretion?
Where is glutamine primarily used as a source of energy?
Where is glutamine primarily used as a source of energy?
What can a hypercatabolic state be caused by?
What can a hypercatabolic state be caused by?
What percentage of ATP does the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) produce?
What percentage of ATP does the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) produce?
"Besides serving as fuel, what can oxidation of BCAAs produce in muscles?"
"Besides serving as fuel, what can oxidation of BCAAs produce in muscles?"
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