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Questions and Answers
What is Differential Reinforcement?
What is Differential Reinforcement?
Reinforcer is applied to one member of a response class of behavior and no longer given to the other members.
What defines a Response Class?
What defines a Response Class?
Set of responses that serve the same function.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)?
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)?
Extinguish unwanted behavior, reinforce a functionally equivalent alternative (appropriate) behavior in the same response class.
Which of the following are Types of DRA?
Which of the following are Types of DRA?
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What is the Matching Law?
What is the Matching Law?
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What does Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) entail?
What does Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) entail?
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What is the purpose of Differential Reinforcement of Communication?
What is the purpose of Differential Reinforcement of Communication?
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What is Differential Reinforcement of Negative Alternative Behaviors?
What is Differential Reinforcement of Negative Alternative Behaviors?
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What are the DRA Guidelines?
What are the DRA Guidelines?
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What does Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) aim for?
What does Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) aim for?
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What is Interval DRO?
What is Interval DRO?
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What is Momentary DRO?
What is Momentary DRO?
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What are the DRO Guidelines?
What are the DRO Guidelines?
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When should Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior (DRL) be used?
When should Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior (DRL) be used?
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What are the DRL Guidelines?
What are the DRL Guidelines?
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What are Time-Based Schedules of Reinforcement for NCR (non-contingent reinforcers)?
What are Time-Based Schedules of Reinforcement for NCR (non-contingent reinforcers)?
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What is an effective approach to using NCR?
What is an effective approach to using NCR?
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What are the Principles of NCR?
What are the Principles of NCR?
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What are the Benefits of NCR?
What are the Benefits of NCR?
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Study Notes
Differential Reinforcement Concepts
- Differential Reinforcement: Involves applying a reinforcer to a specific behavior while withholding it from others in the same response class.
- Response Class: A group of behaviors that fulfill the same function or purpose.
Types of Differential Reinforcement
- Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA): Combines extinguishing unwanted behavior with reinforcing a functionally equivalent, appropriate alternative within the same response class.
- Types of DRA: Includes Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI), Differential Negative Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DNRA), and Differential Reinforcement of Communication (DRC).
Matching Law
- States that individuals will choose responses tied to higher rates of reinforcement. Choices may still reinforce undesirable behavior if it offers better rewards.
Specific DRA Methods
- Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI): Reinforces behaviors that cannot be performed simultaneously with the unwanted behavior.
- Differential Reinforcement of Communication: Focuses on teaching verbal responses to replace problematic behaviors, often through Functional Communication Training (FCT).
- Differential Reinforcement of Negative Alternative Behaviors: Involves reinforcing alternative behaviors through negative reinforcement.
DRA Guidelines
- Select an alternative or incompatible behavior already present in the individual’s repertoire.
- Ensure the selected behavior requires equal or lesser effort than the problem behavior.
- Choose powerful and consistently deliverable reinforcers.
- Reinforce immediately and use extinction on the problem behavior while possibly combining with other interventions.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
- Reinforcers are given for the absence of the target behavior during specified time intervals. If the behavior occurs, the interval resets.
DRO Variants
- Interval DRO: Reinforcement is contingent upon the target behavior not occurring throughout an entire interval.
- Momentary DRO: Reinforcement occurs only at specific points in time where the target behavior is absent.
DRO Guidelines
- Start with whole-interval DRO, then shift to momentary intervals for maintenance.
- Recognize limitations, set intervals for frequent reinforcement, and avoid reinforcing undesirable behaviors.
- Gradually increase intervals and apply across different settings, especially helpful for individuals with high rates of problematic behaviors.
Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior (DRL)
- Appropriate when decreasing behavior is manageable, doesn't require rapid change, and is non-dangerous. Reinforcement is given when the behavior occurs at a lower frequency than a set criterion.
Guidelines for DRL
- Choose a suitable procedure and begin with a baseline mean as the response criterion. Gradually thin the reinforcement schedule.
Non-Contingent Reinforcement (NCR)
- Involves delivering known reinforcers independently of responses, based on time rather than behavior.
- Strategies vary based on the form of maintained behavior (social, escape, automatic) and aim for satiation.
Using NCR Effectively
- Aim to use functional reinforcers and ensure access to similar reinforcement levels as the problematic behavior.
- Set schedules initially dense and potentially arbitrary but ideally based on actual occurrences of the problem behavior.
Principles and Benefits of NCR
- Often paired with extinction to enhance effectiveness through satiation mechanisms, potentially disrupting the response/reinforcer relationship.
- Benefits include ease of implementation, reduced monitoring, and increased access to reinforcers compared to traditional response-dependent schedules, mitigating potential extinction bursts.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of differential reinforcement, including its application to specific behavior in the context of behavior analysis. Learn about different types of differential reinforcement strategies, such as DRA and DRI, and understand their significance in modifying behaviors. This quiz will test your knowledge on theoretical aspects and practical implications of differential reinforcement.