Behavioral Reinforcement Quiz

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35 Questions

In the context of behavioral contrast, a pigeon that experiences a shift from a multiple FR 10 VI 60-sec schedule to a multiple FR 100 VI 60-sec schedule will likely (increase/decrease) its rate of response on the VI 60-sec component?

increase

In the analogy provided, when a woman's husband becomes less caring and affectionate at home, leading her to spend more time flirting with other men at work, this illustrates a (positive/negative) contrast effect?

positive

Based on the relationship dynamics described, when individuals who have experienced hardships in establishing a relationship encounter each other, their affection for each other is expected to be much (deeper/shallower) than normal. This is an example of (positive/negative) behavioral contrast.

deeper; positive

The occurrence of anticipatory contrast effect is evident when Jackie becomes more involved in a computer game upon hearing her mother mention that it is getting close to her bedtime. What type of contrast effect is this an example of?

anticipatory

In the context of Vronsky's feelings for Anna in Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, when his feelings for Anna were much stronger when their relationship was more precarious, this is in line with the principle of __________ contrast.

positive

When comparing the situation of a woman whose husband becomes much more affectionate and caring at home, leading her to spend less time flirting with other men at work, to the concept of behavioral contrast, this situation illustrates a (positive/negative) contrast effect?

negative

What is the temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented known as?

Extinction Burst

Which behavior refers to the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcers?

Resurgence

What does the term 'Increase in Variability' refer to in the context of extinction?

Trying different responses than the usual

Which emotional response is commonly associated with frustration during extinction?

Becoming agitated and upset

What does Nelson Mandela suggest about the human heart and love?

Love comes more naturally to the human heart

According to Nelson Mandela, how does hate develop in people?

People must learn to hate

What factor contributes to resistance to extinction of a behavior?

Frequency of the reinforcer

Which schedule of reinforcement results in high resistance to extinction?

Variable ratio (VR)

What effect does the punisher effect have on resistance to extinction?

High-magnitude reinforcers result in greater resistance to extinction

How does previous experience with extinction affect resistance to extinction?

More prior exposures lead to quicker extinction

What facilitates extinction by reinforcing a behavior that is specifically incompatible with the target behavior?

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

What result might occur in the case of the husband and wife example due to the wife's ignoring him?

The husband may persistently ask for attention as a form of extinction

What does the presence of a distinctive signal for extinction do?

Increases the rate at which a behavior is extinguished

What can differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) do to facilitate extinction?

Reinforce the occurrence of a replacement behavior

What happens when behaviors have been reinforced many times?

They are more difficult to extinguish than behaviors reinforced a few times

What can result in a temporary period of depression or apathy?

Extinction

What does the punisher effect suggest about behaviors reinforced with high-magnitude reinforcers?

They show greater resistance to extinction

How does deprivation level impact resistance to extinction?

Greater deprivation leads to greater resistance to extinction

Which procedure involves reinforcing a dog for sitting quietly when visitors enter the house?

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

What is the term for the tendency of an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD?

Stimulus Generalization

What happens in the Peak Shift Effect?

The strongest response shifts away from the SD to a stimulus that lies in a direction opposite to the SΔ.

What does a pigeon's responding on different keys when presented with multiple schedules result in?

Scalloped pattern of responding

In behavioral contrast, what happens when there is an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component?

It results in a decrease in the rate of response on the other component.

Which procedure involves reinforcing a dog for doing something other than jumping up on visitors as they enter the house?

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

What type of effect does a man seeking out a more dissimilar partner after a poor relationship exemplify?

Peak Shift Effect

What best describes stimulus control?

The presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior; a rat learns to press a lever only in the presence of a specific tone.

What is the result of a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule according to behavioral contrast?

It produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component.

What does stimulus generalization refer to?

A tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD.

What is an example of behavioral contrast?

A pigeon's responding on different keys when presented with multiple schedules results in a scalloped pattern of responding.

Study Notes

  • Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO): a procedure where a dog is given food whenever it does something other than jump up on visitors as they enter the house.
  • Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI): a procedure where a dog is given a treat for sitting quietly when visitors enter the house.
  • DRO and DRI procedures are effective because they weaken the target behavior and reinforce alternative behaviors.
  • Stimulus Control: the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior; a rat learns to press a lever only in the presence of a specific tone.
  • Stimulus Generalization: tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD.
  • The Peak Shift Effect: after extinction training, the strongest response shifts away from the SD to a stimulus that lies in a direction opposite to the SΔ.
  • The Peak Shift Effect: a man seeks out a woman who is even more dissimilar from his ex-partner after a poor relationship.
  • Multiple Schedules and Behavioral Contrast: a pigeon's responding on different keys when presented with multiple schedules results in a scalloped pattern of responding.
  • Behavioral Contrast: a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component.
  • Behavioral Contrast: in a negative contrast effect, an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component.
  • Behavioral Contrast: in a positive contrast effect, a decrease in rate of reinforcement on one component results in an increase in rate of response on the other component.

Test your knowledge of behavioral reinforcement techniques with this quiz. Identify examples of differential reinforcement and understand the effectiveness of different reinforcement procedures.

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