Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which drug prevents the storage of neurotransmitters in vesicles in the terminal, thereby decreasing the amount of transmitter available for release?
Which drug prevents the storage of neurotransmitters in vesicles in the terminal, thereby decreasing the amount of transmitter available for release?
- L-DOPA
- Botulinum toxin
- Tetrodotoxin
- Reserpine (correct)
Where are autoreceptors located?
Where are autoreceptors located?
- On terminals of a different neurone from the one releasing the transmitter
- On dendrites on postsynaptic neurone
- On presynaptic terminals
- On the same terminal that releases the transmitter (correct)
Which drugs affect the prevention of action potentials by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels?
Which drugs affect the prevention of action potentials by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels?
- Amantadine
- Tetrodotoxin (correct)
- L-DOPA
- Black widow venom toxin
What do you need to be aware of from the presentation related to synaptic transmission?
What do you need to be aware of from the presentation related to synaptic transmission?
Which drugs affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters?
Which drugs affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters?
Where are heteroreceptors located?
Where are heteroreceptors located?
Which drug is used to prevent the release of neurotransmitters?
Which drug is used to prevent the release of neurotransmitters?
What is the role of presynaptic receptors?
What is the role of presynaptic receptors?
Which of the following topics is covered in the video on synaptic function?
Which of the following topics is covered in the video on synaptic function?
What is the primary focus of behavioural neuropharmacology?
What is the primary focus of behavioural neuropharmacology?
In which state does a neurone rest when a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor?
In which state does a neurone rest when a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor?
What aspect of brain function does neuropharmacology primarily focus on?
What aspect of brain function does neuropharmacology primarily focus on?
Which area of brain function does the biological basis of schizophrenia specifically address?
Which area of brain function does the biological basis of schizophrenia specifically address?
What is the focus of molecular neuropharmacology?
What is the focus of molecular neuropharmacology?
What process occurs at the axon hillock?
What process occurs at the axon hillock?
Which aspect of brain function is covered in the video on synaptic function?
Which aspect of brain function is covered in the video on synaptic function?
Which type of neuron receptor acts as a negative feedback mechanism to reduce transmitter release?
Which type of neuron receptor acts as a negative feedback mechanism to reduce transmitter release?
What is the specific compound in the brain known as the brain's 'endozepine'?
What is the specific compound in the brain known as the brain's 'endozepine'?
Where are GABA-A receptors located?
Where are GABA-A receptors located?
Which type of receptor is located on the terminals of a different neuron and modulates release of transmitters from the second terminal?
Which type of receptor is located on the terminals of a different neuron and modulates release of transmitters from the second terminal?
What can autoreceptor activation inhibit?
What can autoreceptor activation inhibit?
What is the role of presynaptic receptors in regulating neurotransmitter release?
What is the role of presynaptic receptors in regulating neurotransmitter release?
Where are autoreceptors located?
Where are autoreceptors located?
What is DBI's effect on GABA-A receptors?
What is DBI's effect on GABA-A receptors?
What is the role of reuptake inhibitors in affecting neurotransmitter clearance?
What is the role of reuptake inhibitors in affecting neurotransmitter clearance?
How do breakdown enzyme inhibitors affect neurotransmitter availability?
How do breakdown enzyme inhibitors affect neurotransmitter availability?
Which statement best describes the action of receptor agonists?
Which statement best describes the action of receptor agonists?
What is the function of receptor antagonists in affecting neurotransmitter activity?
What is the function of receptor antagonists in affecting neurotransmitter activity?
How do drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis using precursors impact transmitter availability?
How do drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis using precursors impact transmitter availability?
What is the effect of drugs that prevent active reuptake of transmitters from the synaptic cleft into the terminal?
What is the effect of drugs that prevent active reuptake of transmitters from the synaptic cleft into the terminal?
Which is a characteristic of breakdown enzyme blockers?
Which is a characteristic of breakdown enzyme blockers?
What is the primary action of antagonist drugs at neurotransmitter receptors?
What is the primary action of antagonist drugs at neurotransmitter receptors?
What type of receptors are located at the synaptic cleft between neurons and have ion channels linked to the neurotransmitter binding site?
What type of receptors are located at the synaptic cleft between neurons and have ion channels linked to the neurotransmitter binding site?
Which type of receptor activation causes intracellular reactions involving g-protein mediated second messenger systems?
Which type of receptor activation causes intracellular reactions involving g-protein mediated second messenger systems?
What type of drugs are used to treat conditions involving underactivity of neurotransmitters by acting on neurotransmitter receptors?
What type of drugs are used to treat conditions involving underactivity of neurotransmitters by acting on neurotransmitter receptors?
Which mechanism involves a substance binding to a second binding site on a neurotransmitter receptor, separate from the main transmitter binding site, and enhances or attenuates the effect of the main transmitter?
Which mechanism involves a substance binding to a second binding site on a neurotransmitter receptor, separate from the main transmitter binding site, and enhances or attenuates the effect of the main transmitter?
Which venom toxin can act as a neurotransmitter receptor antagonist?
Which venom toxin can act as a neurotransmitter receptor antagonist?
Which type of receptor has ion channels normally closed in the resting state, preventing ions from entering the post-synaptic neuron?
Which type of receptor has ion channels normally closed in the resting state, preventing ions from entering the post-synaptic neuron?
Study Notes
- Ionotropic receptors are located at the synaptic cleft between neurons, on the post-synaptic neuron dendrite.
- In the resting state, these receptors have ion channels linked to the neurotransmitter binding site, which are normally closed and prevent ions from entering the post-synaptic neuron.
- Activation of ionotropic receptors by neurotransmitter binding opens the ion channel, allowing ions (such as Na+ or Cl-) to enter the neuron and change the membrane potential, resulting in excitation (EPSP) or inhibition (IPSP).
- Examples of ionotropic receptors include nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA-A receptors, and NMDA receptors.
- Metabotropic receptors are also located at the synaptic cleft and on the post-synaptic neuron dendrite.
- In the resting state, these receptors have intracellular signaling cascades linked to the neurotransmitter binding site, which are normally inactive and keep the neuron at rest.
- Activation of metabotropic receptors by neurotransmitter binding causes intracellular reactions, often involving g-protein mediated second messenger systems, leading to changes in membrane potential and excitation or inhibition.
- Examples of metabotropic receptors include metabotropic glutamate receptors, GABA-B receptors, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
- Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors are the two main types of neurotransmitter receptors.
- Therapeutic drugs can act on neurotransmitter receptors to treat various conditions. Agonists are used to treat conditions involving underactivity of neurotransmitters, while antagonists are used to treat conditions involving overactivity.
- Venom toxins, such as curare and bungarotoxin, can act as neurotransmitter receptor antagonists.
- Many drugs, such as antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, and certain plant derivatives, act on neurotransmitter receptors as agonists or antagonists.
- Allosteric modulation is a process by which a substance binds to a second binding site on a neurotransmitter receptor, separate from the main transmitter binding site, and enhances or attenuates the effect of the main transmitter.
- Allosteric modulation is an important mechanism of neurotransmission, and is used therapeutically, such as the enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition by barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
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