Dialysis Overview and Types

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Questions and Answers

What is a major advantage of Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) compared to hemodialysis?

Requires fewer daily treatments.

More efficient waste removal.

Can be conducted while sleeping. (correct)

Performed in a clinical setting.

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of peritoneal dialysis?

Requires daily treatment and maintenance. (correct)

More effective at quickly removing waste.

Improves cardiovascular health.

Can be done at a clinic with less frequency.

In what location is peritoneal dialysis typically performed?

In a clinical setting with specialized staff.

Only during overnight stays at a facility.

At home, providing more independence. (correct)

Only in hospitals.

What is the primary method of waste removal in hemodialysis?

An external machine that filters blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason a patient might prefer peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?

It allows for fewer dietary restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Infection of the abdominal lining. Signup and view all the answers

How often is hemodialysis typically performed?

Three times per week. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary access method used in hemodialysis?

Vascular access through a fistula or graft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of vascular access in hemodialysis?

To allow access to the patient's blood for filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which step in hemodialysis directly involves the removal of waste products and excess fluids from the blood?

Blood Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?

It can be performed at home Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Peritonitis due to infection Signup and view all the answers

In hemodialysis, what is the role of the machine during the treatment?

To monitor and adjust settings for safety and efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)?

It offers gentle, continuous waste removal Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for the peritoneal dialysis system?

Peritoneal Catheter Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of hemodialysis?

Possible side effects like fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dialyzer in a hemodialysis machine?

To filter the blood by removing waste and excess fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is primarily used for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury?

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the blood pump serve in a hemodialysis machine?

Circulates blood through the dialyzer Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the hemodialysis machine is responsible for preventing clotting in the bloodlines?

Heparin Pump Signup and view all the answers

Where is Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) primarily conducted?

At home Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of CRRT compared to standard hemodialysis?

It operates continuously over 24 hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the hemodialysis machine helps alert healthcare providers to potential issues?

Monitors and Alarms Signup and view all the answers

How does the dialysate function during hemodialysis?

It pulls waste products and extra fluid out of the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of dialysis?

To artificially remove waste products and toxins from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dialyzer in hemodialysis?

To filter waste, salts, and fluid from the blood Signup and view all the answers

How often is hemodialysis typically performed per week?

Three times a week Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dialysis uses the peritoneum as a natural filter?

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the dialysate after the dwell time in peritoneal dialysis?

It is drained and replaced with fresh dialysate Signup and view all the answers

What is one key feature of home hemodialysis?

It allows patients to conduct the procedure in the comfort of their own homes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for a patient opting for peritoneal dialysis?

Ability to perform dialysis independently and maintain sterile conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which component of hemodialysis separates blood from the cleansing fluid?

The dialyzer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hemodialysis?

To filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of hemodialysis?

Requires regular visits to a dialysis center Signup and view all the answers

How is excess fluid removed in peritoneal dialysis?

By using the abdominal lining to filter the dialysate Signup and view all the answers

What describes Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)?

Requires the patient to exchange dialysate 4-6 times a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dialyzer in hemodialysis?

To filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct about the location of hemodialysis?

It can be done in a clinic or at home with proper training Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the dialysate after the filtration process in peritoneal dialysis?

It is drained from the abdomen and replaced with fresh solution Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect experienced after hemodialysis sessions?

Muscle cramps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dialysis

Dialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste products, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys can no longer function properly
It's a life-saving treatment for severe kidney failure (acute or chronic) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Types of Dialysis

1. Hemodialysis

Definition: Filters waste, salts, and fluid from blood using a dialyzer (artificial kidney) and a machine
Procedure: Blood is drawn, circulated through a machine with a filter (dialyzer), and returned to the body. The dialyzer has two parts: one for blood and one for dialysate (cleansing fluid). Waste products pass from blood to dialysate, which is discarded.
Duration and Frequency: Typically done 3 times per week, with each session lasting about 4 hours
Locations: In-center (clinic) or home hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Definition: Uses the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter
Procedure: Sterile solution (dialysate) is introduced into the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum acts as a filter, allowing waste and excess fluid to pass from blood into the dialysate, which is then drained and replaced.
Types: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) - Manual exchanges 4-6 hours daily; Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) - Machine exchanges dialysate automatically, usually overnight

Hemodialysis Machine Components

Dialyzer (Artificial Kidney): Main component where blood filtration occurs, consisting of thousands of tiny fibers
Dialysate: Fluid that pulls waste and excess fluid from blood
Blood Pump: Circulates blood through the dialyzer
Heparin Pump: Administers heparin (blood thinner) to prevent clotting
Monitors and Alarms: Continuously monitor blood pressure, flow rate, and dialysate flow
Temperature Control: Regulates dialysate temperature for patient comfort
Ultrafiltration Control: Allows precise control of fluid removal to avoid complications

Steps in Hemodialysis Treatment

Vascular Access: Establishes access to the patient's blood - fistula or graft or catheter.
Blood Filtration: Blood flows through the dialyzer, waste products removed
Return of Clean Blood: Clean blood returned via vascular access to the body
Continuous Monitoring: Machine monitors and adjusts settings to ensure patient safety

Peritoneal Dialysis System Components

Peritoneal Catheter: Tube for introducing and draining dialysate into abdominal cavity
Dialysate Bags: Sterile bags of dialysate solution
Cycler (for APD): Machine that automatically infuses and drains dialysate

Advantages and Disadvantages

Hemodialysis: Efficient waste removal but more time-consuming and requires vascular access
Peritoneal Dialysis: More independence but slower waste removal, and risk of infection (peritonitis)

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of dialysis, including its definition, the life-saving role it plays in kidney failure, and the two main types: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Test your knowledge on the procedures, locations, and frequency of dialysis sessions.