Medical Terminology Quiz: Dialysis and More

Questions and Answers

What is dialysis?

A process of mechanical filtering to remove waste from the blood (correct)

A condition of high blood pressure

A surgical repair of the kidney

An excessive secretion of urine

What does 'dia' mean?

through, across

What does '-lysis' refer to?

separation; destruction; loosening

What are electrolytes?

Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts Signup and view all the answers

What does 'electr/o' stand for?

electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

Sum of all physical and chemical changes in the organism Signup and view all the answers

What does 'meta-' mean?

change, beyond Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ism' denote?

condition Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pH' represent?

degree of acidity or alkalinity Signup and view all the answers

What is a urologist?

Physician who specializes in urinary system disorders Signup and view all the answers

What does incontinence refer to?

overactive bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does 'in-' mean?

in; not Signup and view all the answers

What does '-continence' refer to?

to hold back Signup and view all the answers

What is a urogynecologist?

Urologist specializing in urinary problems involving the female reproductive system Signup and view all the answers

What is a pediatric urologist?

Urologist specializing in urinary problems in children Signup and view all the answers

What is nephrology?

Subspecialty or branch of internal medicine focused on the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nephr/o' denote?

kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does 'logy' mean?

study of Signup and view all the answers

What does CKD stand for?

chronic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What does PKD stand for?

polycystic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What is acute renal failure?

Sudden and often temporary loss of kidney function Signup and view all the answers

What are kidney stones?

Small, hard rocks that form in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is high blood pressure also known as?

hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Remove waste products of metabolism from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What are the organs of the urinary system?

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Signup and view all the answers

What are important functions of the kidneys?

Regulating tissue fluid and maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cyst/o' refer to?

bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does '-scopy' mean?

visual examination Signup and view all the answers

What is cystoscopy?

Visual examination of the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does 'vesic/o' stand for?

bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does '-cele' refer to?

hernia, swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicocele?

A blisterlike elevation of the skin containing clear fluid Signup and view all the answers

What does 'glomerul/o' refer to?

glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What does '-pathy' mean?

disease Signup and view all the answers

What is glomerulopathy?

Any disease of the renal glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

What does 'meta/o' refer to?

opening meatus Signup and view all the answers

What does '-us' denote?

condition, structure Signup and view all the answers

What is a meatus?

An opening or passage in the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hydr/o' mean?

water Signup and view all the answers

What does '-osis' refer to?

abnormal condition Signup and view all the answers

What is hydronephrosis?

Accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ren/o' stand for?

kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does 'renal' mean?

pertaining to the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does '-al' refer to?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pyel/o' refer to?

renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What does '-plasty' denote?

surgical repair Signup and view all the answers

What is pyeloplasty?

Surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis and ureter Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ur/o' mean?

urine, urinary tract Signup and view all the answers

What does '-emia' denote?

blood condition Signup and view all the answers

What is uremia?

Elevated level of urea and other waste products in blood Signup and view all the answers

What does 'urin/o' refer to?

urine, urinary tract Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ary' denote?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does 'urinary' mean?

pertaining to urine Signup and view all the answers

What does ARF stand for?

acute renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What does ESRD stand for?

end-stage renal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is normal systolic blood pressure?

upper (less than 120) Signup and view all the answers

What is normal diastolic blood pressure?

lower (less than 80) Signup and view all the answers

What does BP stand for?

blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertension?

high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the AHA recommendation for healthy blood pressure?

less than 120 / less than 80 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyper-' signify?

excessive, above normal Signup and view all the answers

What does '-tension' mean?

to stretch Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hydr/o-' indicate?

water Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ureter/o' refer to?

ureter Signup and view all the answers

What does '-sis' denote?

state of; condition Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stenosis' mean?

narrowing, stricture Signup and view all the answers

What is ureterostenosis?

Stricture of a ureter Signup and view all the answers

What does 'azot-' refer to?

nitrogenous compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is azotemia?

an excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does '-iasis' mean?

abnormal condition Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lith' refer to?

stone, calculus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lithiasis' mean?

condition marked by formation of calculi Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dia-' mean?

through, across Signup and view all the answers

What is nephropathy?

any disease of the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What does '-pexy' denote?

fixation (of an organ) Signup and view all the answers

What is nephropexy?

surgical fixation of a floating or hypermobile kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ptosis' mean?

prolapse, downward displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is nephroptosis?

downward displacement of a kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does '-tripsy' mean?

crushing Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lith/o' refer to?

stone, calculus Signup and view all the answers

What does '-uria' mean?

urine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'olig' denote?

scarity Signup and view all the answers

What is oliguria?

diminished urine secretion Signup and view all the answers

What does 'an-' mean?

without, not Signup and view all the answers

What does 'poly-' signify?

many, much Signup and view all the answers

What is anuria?

complete suppression of urine formation Signup and view all the answers

What is polyuria?

excessive excretion of urine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'supra-' mean?

above, excessive, superior Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ren' refer to?

kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does 'suprarenal' mean?

pertaining to glands above each kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is azoturia?

increase of nitrogenous substances in urine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'azol' refer to?

nitrogenous compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is a cystocele?

bulging of the urinary bladder through vaginal wall Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diuresis' mean?

increased formation and secretion of urine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'di-' indicate?

double Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ur' stand for?

urine Signup and view all the answers

What does '-esis' indicate?

condition Signup and view all the answers

What is dysuria?

painful or difficult urination Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dys-' mean?

bad; painful; difficult Signup and view all the answers

What is edema?

abnormal accumulation of fluids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dialysis

A mechanical process that filters blood to remove waste and excess fluid when kidneys are non-functional.

Medical Prefixes & Suffixes

Dia: A prefix meaning "through" or "across."
-lysis: A suffix indicating "separation," "destruction," or "loosening."
Electr/o: Related to "electricity."
Meta-: A prefix denoting "change" or "beyond."
-ism: Indicates a condition.
In-: A prefix meaning "in" or "not."
-continence: Referring to the ability to hold back.

Electrolytes

Solutions (including salts, acids, and bases) that can conduct electricity; key electrolytes include sodium and potassium.

Metabolism

The total of all chemical and physical changes in an organism, essential for maintaining life.

Urinary System

Primary function is to eliminate waste products by excreting them in urine.
Composed of two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra.
Kidneys regulate tissue fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base equilibrium.

Specialized Physicians

Urologist: Specializes in urinary disorders in both genders.
Urogynecologist: Focuses on female urinary issues linked to the reproductive system.
Pediatric Urologist: Addresses urinary problems in children.

Kidney Diseases and Conditions

CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease, a long-term condition.
PKD: Polycystic Kidney Disease, characterized by cyst formation.
Acute Renal Failure: A sudden drop in kidney function, often reversible.
Kidney Stones: Hard formations in the urinary tract due to concentrated urine.
Hypertension: Known as high blood pressure, a contributing factor to kidney disease.

Examination and Surgical Terms

Cystoscopy: A visual examination of the bladder.
Pyeloplasty: A surgical procedure to reconstruct the renal pelvis and ureter.
Nephropexy: Surgical fixation of a floating kidney.
Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination.

Uremia: Elevated nitrogenous waste in blood.
Oliguria: Reduced urine output.
Anuria: Complete lack of urine production.
Polyuria: Excessive urine output, commonly seen in diabetes.
Edema: Fluid accumulation in the body's tissues, often linked to kidney problems.

Blood Pressure Guidelines

Normal systolic is less than 120.
Normal diastolic is less than 80.
AHA recommends keeping blood pressure below 120/80.

Additional Medical Terms

Hydronephrosis: Swelling of a kidney due to urine buildup.
Nephropathy: Refers to any kidney disease.
Glomerulopathy: Diseases affecting glomeruli, particularly non-inflammatory.

Conditions with Numerical Indicators

Azotemia: Elevated nitrogen waste in blood.
Lithiasis: Stone formation in the urinary tract.

Common Prefixes and Their Meanings

Supra-: Above or excessive.
Hyper-: Above normal, excessive.
Hydr/o-: Related to water.

Common Suffixes in Medical Terms

-plasty: Refers to surgical repair.
-sis: Indicates a condition or state.
-cele: Signifying a hernia or swelling.

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Description

Test your knowledge on medical terminology with this quiz that covers essential terms related to dialysis and related processes. Understand the definitions of important words like 'dialysis', 'electrolytes', and the roots 'dia' and '-lysis'. Perfect for students in healthcare fields!