Pathology L2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a description in a diagnostic context?

  • Subjective and interpretive
  • Objective and based on what is observed (correct)
  • Focused on the cause of the lesion
  • Dependent on the observer's interpretation

How does a morphological diagnosis (MDx) differ from a description?

  • MDx is purely objective, while a description is subjective
  • MDx is subjective and interprets the description (correct)
  • MDx describes what is observed without interpretation
  • MDx avoids making conclusions about the lesion

Why is a good description important in diagnostics?

  • It is valid even if the cause or interpretation is unknown (correct)
  • It provides the exact cause of the lesion
  • It eliminates the need for subjective conclusions
  • It guarantees a definitive diagnosis

Which of the following best describes a description?

<p>It objectively states what is observed without interpretation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in developing a morphological diagnosis?

<p>Accurately observe what is before you</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sense shouldn’t be used during the observation stage of morphological diagnosis?

<p>Taste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When recording a description, why is memory not recommended as the primary method?

<p>It may result in errors or omissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not included in the features of a description?

<p>Cause of the abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the descriptors used for describing the abnormalities (hint: use SSSCCDLN)

<p>Size, shape, surface/margins, color, consistency, distribution, location, and number</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements aer included in a morphological diagnosis? (Hint: PLS Don’t Die)

<p>Pathological process, location, severity, distribution and duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What isn’t included in an etiological diagnosis?

<p>Distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a multifocal lesion distribution?

<p>Numerous similar lesions of variable size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A specific region of tissue is affected

<p>A recent embolic event (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes lesions that touch one another?

<p>Coalescing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term transmural indicate?

<p>Lesions extending through the wall of an organ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distribution term applies when a large portion of the tissue is affected uniformly?

<p>Diffuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whenever we see a symmetrical lesion, what are the four causes we need to think of?

<p>Toxic, systemic, metabolic, nutritional</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesion is associated with vasculature involvement?

<p>Geometric shapes such as triangles, diamonds, or circles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a raised lesion typically indicate?

<p>Addition of inflammatory cells, blood, or neoplastic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of straight lines in a lesion indicate?

<p>Following an anatomic structure like a blood vessel, bronchiole, or nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a depressed lesion suggest?

<p>Loss of tissue (necrosis) or tissue contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a raised lesion typically indicate?

<p>Addition of inflammatory cells, blood, or neoplastic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color is associated with bile pigment or eosinophils?

<p>Green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is most indicative of hemorrhage?

<p>Red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lesion that appears yellow could indicate the presence of which of the following?

<p>Fibrin, bilirubin, or fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might a black lesion indicate?

<p>Melanin, fluke pigment, or exogenous pigment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a translucent appearance in a lesion suggest?

<p>Mucous or parasite cysts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the following terms used to describe consistency

<p>Solid or liquid, soft or firm, wet or dry, gritty, gelatinous, viscous, caseous, pasty, hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ability to “spread with a knife” imply about the lesion?

<p>the lesion is composed of necrosis and exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a lesion is described as “gritty”, what might this suggest?

<p>The lesion contains mineral deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the consistency of a lesion being “hard” most likely indicate?

<p>Presence of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a lesion “can’t be spread with a knife”, what does is most likely indicate?

<p>Viable tissues and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a well-demarcated margin suggest about a lesion?

<p>The lesion is clearly distinguishable from surrounding tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a poorly demarcated margin indicate about a lesion?

<p>The lesion may be infiltrating into normal tissue; poorly contained (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some underlying processes that are circulatory?

<p>Congestion, heamorrhage and heamodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some underlying pathological processes that are degenerative?

<p>Necrosis, apoptosis and atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some underlying processes that are inflammatory?

<p>Suppurative, non suppurative, granulomatous, pyogranulomatous, proliferative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some underlying pathological processes that indicate a disturbance of growth?

<p>Congenital abnormalities, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, hypoplasia, neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the features of a MDX

<p>Pathological process = Degeneration/necrosis, Disorder of growth, deposits and pigmentations Distribution = Focal, multifocal, diffuse, transmural, unilateral/bilateral symmetrical Duration (time) = Acute, subacute, chronic Severity = Mild, moderate, severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Description in Diagnostics

Focuses on objectively describing what is observed, without interpretation or assumptions.

Morphological Diagnosis (MDx)

Subjectively interprets the information gathered from a description, leading to a potential diagnosis based on observed changes.

Importance of Description

An accurate description serves as a foundation for further analysis and diagnosis, even if the cause is unknown.

First Stage of Morphological Diagnosis

Accurately observing what is present without any subjective interpretations.

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Sense NOT Used in Observation

Taste should not be used during observation in morphological diagnosis because it poses a risk of contamination and potential harm.

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Why Memory is Not Recommended

Relying solely on memory can lead to inaccuracies or missing details, so use reliable documentation methods.

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Features of a Description

A description focuses on observable characteristics and objective findings, excluding subjective interpretations or causal explanations.

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Descriptors for Lesion Abnormalities

These terms describe the observable characteristics of lesions: Size, Shape, Surface/Margins, Color, Consistency, Distribution, Location, and Number.

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Elements of Morphological Diagnosis

They describe the nature of the lesion, its location, severity, spread, and duration. Think PLS Don't Die.

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What's Excluded in Etiological Diagnosis

An etiological diagnosis focuses on the cause of the condition, not the distribution of the lesions.

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Multifocal Lesion Distribution

Multiple similar lesions of varying sizes, scattered throughout the tissue, indicating widespread involvement.

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Regional Lesion Distribution

A specific region of tissue is affected, often associated with a recent embolic event.

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Coalescing Lesion Distribution

Lesions that touch each other, indicating potential merging or interconnectedness.

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Transmural Lesion Distribution

Lesions extending through the entire thickness of a tissue or organ wall, indicating complete penetration.

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Diffuse Lesion Distribution

The lesion encompasses a large portion of the tissue, affecting it uniformly and extensively.

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Symmetrical Lesion Causes

Symmetrical lesions may indicate systemic causes, such as toxicity, metabolic imbalances, or nutritional deficiencies.

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Geometric Shapes and Lesions

Geometric shapes often suggest involvement of blood vessels, leading to patterns like triangles, diamonds, or circles.

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Raised Lesions

Raised lesions typically indicate an accumulation of inflammatory cells, blood, or neoplastic cells, causing an elevation.

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Straight Lines in Lesions

Straight lines in a lesion often follow the course of anatomical structures like blood vessels, bronchioles, or nerves.

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Depressed Lesions

Depressed lesions suggest a loss of tissue, resulting in a sunken or indented appearance.

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Green Lesion

Green color can indicate the presence of bile pigment, a waste product of the liver, or eosinophils, a type of white blood cell.

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Red Lesion

Red color is strongly suggestive of blood, indicating hemorrhage or bleeding.

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Yellow Lesion

Yellow color can indicate the presence of fibrin, a protein involved in clotting, bilirubin, a yellow pigment, or fat.

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Black Lesion

Black color may indicate the presence of melanin, a brown pigment found in skin and hair, fluke pigment, or exogenous pigments from external sources.

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Translucent Lesion

Translucent appearance suggests the presence of mucous, a slimy substance, or parasite cysts, which allow light to pass through.

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Terms Describing Lesion Consistency

Terms used to describe the physical consistency of lesions include: Solid or liquid, Soft or firm, Wet or dry, Gritty, Gelatinous, Viscous, Caseous, Pasty, Hard.

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Lesion Spread with a Knife

The lesion has a consistency that allows it to spread with a knife, indicating the presence of necrosis and exudate.

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Gritty Lesion Consistency

This suggests the presence of mineral deposits, which contribute to a grainy or rough texture.

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Hard Lesion Consistency

A hard consistency usually points to the presence of bone, which is typically very firm and rigid.

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Lesion Not Spread with a Knife

This indicates that the lesion is comprised of viable tissues and cells, resisting being spread or broken apart.

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Well-Demarcated Margin

A well-demarcated margin indicates that the lesion has a clear boundary and is easily distinguishable from the surrounding tissue.

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Poorly Demarcated Margin

A poorly demarcated margin suggests that the lesion may be invading or infiltrating into normal tissue, making it difficult to define its exact limits.

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