30 Questions
What is the Latin name for diabetes?
Diabetes Mellitus
What occurs in Type 1 diabetes?
The body cannot produce insulin
What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes mentioned in the text?
Increased urine output, decreased appetite, and fatigue
How is diabetes diagnosed?
By blood glucose testing, glucose tolerance test, and testing of hemoglobin A1C levels
What are the major complications of diabetes mentioned in the text?
Dangerously elevated blood sugar, abnormally low blood sugar, and disease of the blood vessels
What does Type 1 diabetes account for approximately in diabetes cases?
10%
What does Type 2 diabetes occur when?
The body cannot produce enough insulin or the insulin is not working efficiently enough
What is needed to control blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What does the nurse need to understand to ensure the patient receives high quality care?
Process of insulin utilization within the body, types of treatments, and how to assess a blood glucose level
How is diabetes diagnosed?
By blood glucose testing, glucose tolerance test, and testing of hemoglobin A1C levels
What is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
Which type of insulin is a rapid-acting synthetic insulin?
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
What is the primary goal of insulin therapy?
Maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range
Which medication delays carbohydrate digestion, affecting postprandial blood glucose?
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Which insulin provides a basal amount of insulin, usually administered twice a day?
NPH insulin
Which insulin type is the most commonly used?
Human insulin
Which insulin is fast-acting and used for immediate blood sugar reduction and in emergencies?
Regular insulin
What do sulfonylureas and meglitinides primarily promote?
Insulin secretion
What is the main function of biguanides like metformin?
Decrease glucose production by the liver and increase tissue response to insulin
What is crucial for achieving glycemic control and should be individualized based on diabetes type and goals?
Self-monitoring of blood glucose
What is Type 1 diabetes also known as?
Juvenile diabetes
Which of the following is a symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
Polydipsia
What is a critical component in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin injections
What can cause hypoglycemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes?
Excessive physical activity
What percentage of diabetics does Type 2 diabetes affect?
85% to 90%
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes?
Rapid weight loss
Which oral antidiabetic drug class is used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
Sulfonylureas
What is essential for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes management?
Monitoring blood glucose levels
What is a common complication of Type 1 diabetes due to insulin deficiency?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Which of the following is crucial in regulating Type 2 diabetes?
Diet control, weight management, and exercise
Study Notes
Diabetes Types and Treatment
- Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is typically diagnosed during childhood or young adulthood.
- Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, and fatigue due to hyperglycemia and breakdown of body fats.
- Insulin injections, diet, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring are essential in treating type 1 diabetes.
- Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes can result from factors such as an improper insulin regimen, dietary omission, or excessive physical activity.
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) can occur as a complication of type 1 diabetes due to insulin deficiency, leading to symptoms such as dehydration and Kussmaul’s respiration.
- Type 2 diabetes, which is non-insulin dependent, affects approximately 85% to 90% of all diabetics and is more common in individuals over 40 and overweight.
- Symptoms of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes include polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, dry, itchy skin, and numbness in the feet.
- Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves a carefully planned diet, exercise program, oral medication, and insulin as necessary.
- Diet control, weight management, and exercise are crucial in regulating type 2 diabetes.
- Type 2 diabetes is treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and others, as well as combination therapy with certain inhibitors and blockers.
- Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes management.
- Both types of diabetes require a combined effort from the physician, nurse educator, and patient for successful treatment.
Test your knowledge of diabetes types and treatment with this quiz. Learn about the symptoms, management, and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including the role of insulin, diet, exercise, and medication.
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