5 Questions
Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of age of onset, prevalence, and nutritional status at time of onset.
Type 1 diabetes usually occurs during childhood or puberty, while Type 2 diabetes commonly occurs over age 35. Type 1 diabetes is commonly associated with undernourishment, whereas Type 2 diabetes is often linked to obesity.
Describe the process of insulin synthesis and secretion in the pancreas.
Insulin is synthesized as a precursor called proinsulin, which is then cleaved to form insulin and C-peptide. Both insulin and C-peptide are secreted by the β cells of the pancreas.
Explain the regulation of insulin secretion and its triggers.
Insulin secretion is regulated by blood glucose levels, certain amino acids, other hormones, and autonomic mediators. Secretion is most often triggered by increased blood glucose.
What is the structure of insulin and how is it synthesized?
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone consisting of two peptide chains connected by disulfide bonds. It is synthesized as proinsulin, which undergoes proteolytic cleavage to form insulin and C-peptide.
Why is measurement of C-peptide considered a better index of insulin levels than plasma insulin levels?
Measurement of C-peptide is considered a better index of insulin levels because insulin undergoes significant hepatic and renal extraction, which may not accurately reflect insulin production.
Test your knowledge of the different types of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, as well as the drugs used for treatment. Explore factors such as age of onset, nutritional status, prevalence, genetic predisposition, and cellular defect or deficiency.
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