Diabetes Quiz: Type 1 and Type 2 Understanding

The process by which the kidneys filter glucose from the blood and return it to the bloodstream.

The maximum amount of glucose the kidneys can reabsorb per unit of time.

A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or resistance.

A type of diabetes that typically develops in childhood and is characterized by an absolute lack of insulin production.

A type of diabetes that typically develops in adulthood and is characterized by insulin resistance, where cells do not respond properly to insulin.

The onset of type 1 diabetes is typically during childhood or puberty, characterized by sudden development of frequent urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger, often triggered by stress or illness.

A fasting blood glucose (FBG) greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl, accompanied by ketoacidosis, confirms the diagnosis.

A dangerous condition that occurs in people with type 1 diabetes when the body produces ketones as a result of not having enough insulin.

Usually develops after age 35, symptoms develop gradually, often with obesity present.

Insulin resistance occurs when cells do not respond properly to insulin, resulting in a combination of resistance and decreased production.

High blood glucose levels cause the body to produce excess ketones, often resulting in a life-threatening condition called ketoacidosis.

Hyperosmolar state is a condition where the blood sugar levels are extremely high, resulting in dehydration.

Reduction of risk factors like smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and treatment of dyslipidemia is crucial.

A type of metabolic acidosis that develops in 25-40% of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics due to increased fat breakdown and insufficient insulin, leading to high blood sugar and ketone build-up.

In type 1 diabetes, the liver produces excess glucose, and muscle and fat don't take up glucose efficiently due to lack of insulin, leading to high blood sugar.

When the body lacks insulin, it turns to stored fat for energy, producing ketones as a byproduct. Elevated ketone levels in the blood can lead to metabolic acidosis.

Increased fat breakdown in type 1 diabetes leads to high levels of fatty acids. The liver converts excess fatty acids into triglycerides, packaged into VLDL, and released into the blood, contributing to high levels in the bloodstream (hypertriacylglycerolemia).

The enzyme lipoprotein lipase, responsible for breaking down fats in the blood, is less active in diabetics due to low insulin levels. This contributes to elevated chylomicron and VLDL levels, resulting in hypertriacylglycerolemia.

A condition caused by low blood sugar levels, often due to excessive insulin in those with type 1 diabetes. It can also happen after strenuous exercise, as muscles use more glucose.

A condition characterized by excessive urination, typically seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes, although it can also occur in other states like hyperglycemia.

A condition characterized by excessive thirst, which is a common symptom of type 2 diabetes.

A type of fat buildup in the blood characterized by high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL cholesterol.

A medication that lowers blood sugar by inhibiting the liver's production of glucose.

A condition where blood sugar levels are elevated, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. It is a precursor to diabetes.

A measure of average blood sugar control over the past 2-3 months. A high HbA1c indicates poor blood sugar control.