Diabetes Quiz - Causes and Characteristics

A chronic disease affecting how the body uses sugar (glucose).

Insulin produced by your own body.

Insulin injected into the body.

An autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin-producing cells.

A condition where the body doesn't use insulin effectively or doesn't produce enough.

A test measuring average blood sugar levels over several months.

Hormones that work against insulin's effects-including glucagon.

Checking blood sugar levels regularly at home to manage diabetes.

Insulin facilitates glucose transport into cells, reducing blood glucose levels.

Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Insulin prevents the creation of glucose from other substances (gluconeogenesis).

Hormones that oppose insulin's effects, raising blood glucose levels.

Insulin and glucagon work together to maintain a balanced level of blood glucose.

Rapid increase in insulin secretion after a meal, peaking about an hour later.

Constant, lower level of insulin secretion between meals and during the night.

Rising blood glucose triggers insulin release, falling glucose triggers glucagon release.

A medication (prednisone) can cause elevated fasting blood glucose.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition affecting insulin secretion.

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity or secretion.

Elevated blood sugar levels when fasting (no food intake) can indicate disrupted glucose regulation.

Hormones that oppose insulin's action, including glucagon, to regulate glucose.

Type 1 diabetes develops gradually, with antibodies present in the body for months or years before symptoms appear. Symptoms often develop suddenly.

Classic signs include excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia). Weight loss is also common.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Genetics and viral exposure are possible contributing factors aside from the primary attack.

A nurse caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes will likely observe excessive thirst, frequent urination, and increased hunger, along with weight loss.

Symptoms include significant weight loss, excessive thirst, increased urination, and persistent hunger.

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy often detected between 24-28 weeks.

Gradual onset, person may go years with undetected high blood sugar.

Classic symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and hunger. Also includes weight loss, weakness, and fatigue.

Nonspecific; may include fatigue, weakness, recurring infections, yeast infections, slow wound healing, or vision changes.

Cluster of risk factors increasing diabetes and heart disease risk characterized by insulin resistance.

Diabetes resulting from another medical condition like schizophrenia or Cushing's syndrome.

Hormones produced by fat cells impacting glucose and fat metabolism and contributing to type 2 diabetes.

A patient with type 2 diabetes would likely have ketones in the urine, whereas ketones are less likely in type 2 than 1

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) above 7.0 mmol/L is one way to diagnose diabetes. Fasting means no food for 8 hours or more.

A1C, or glycated hemoglobin, measures average blood sugar over 3 months. A value of 6.5% or higher in adults usually indicates diabetes.

2-hour post-75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood sugar level of 11.1 mmol/L or higher can be a sign of diabetes.

A random blood sugar measurement taken any time of day, regardless of when the last meal was.

A test that measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells over a 3 month period, reflecting average blood sugar control.

An HbA1c range of 4 mmol/L usually indicates healthy blood sugar levels.

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can cause symptoms like palpitations, clammy skin, tremors, or bradycardia.

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) symptoms can be abdominal cramps, blurred vision, headaches, increased urination, nausea, and vomiting.