Diabetes Prevalence by Race/Ethnicity and Pathophysiology

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What is the primary energy source for cellular function?

Fat

Protein

Glucose (correct)

Fructose

What is the process by which excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver?

Glucagon secretion

Glycogenesis (correct)

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Which hormone stimulates cellular uptake of glucose and depresses the use of fat as an energy source?

Incretin

Insulin (correct)

Amylin

Glucagon

What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus resulting in persistent hyperglycemia?

Deficiencies in insulin production and utilization (resistance) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue provides precursors like glycerol and free fatty acids for the process of gluconeogenesis?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type 2 diabetes from Type 1 diabetes?

Relative insulin deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is common in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

Having a family history of T2DM Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT associated with hyperglycemia as a side effect?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Excessive lipolysis causing ketogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the metabolic disorder characterized by 'hyperglycemia' due to impaired insulin regulation and/or insulin resistance?

Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is more associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

Type 1 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults in the United States in 2021?

Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patient risk factors is commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes?

Physical inactivity Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes mellitus, what is the approximate number of undiagnosed cases in 2021, according to the text?

8.7 million cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for insulin secretion into the portal vein?

Oral ingestion of glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is deficient in patients with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2)?

Amylin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?

Promotes hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of amylin in regulating glucose and insulin homeostasis?

Promotes satiety Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue primarily eliminates insulin through first pass elimination?

Liver Signup and view all the answers