Diabetes Prevalence by Race/Ethnicity and Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy source for cellular function?

  • Fat
  • Protein
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Fructose
  • What is the process by which excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver?

  • Glucagon secretion
  • Glycogenesis (correct)
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Which hormone stimulates cellular uptake of glucose and depresses the use of fat as an energy source?

  • Incretin
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Amylin
  • Glucagon
  • What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus resulting in persistent hyperglycemia?

    <p>Deficiencies in insulin production and utilization (resistance)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue provides precursors like glycerol and free fatty acids for the process of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Type 2 diabetes from Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Relative insulin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is common in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

    <p>Having a family history of T2DM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT associated with hyperglycemia as a side effect?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Excessive lipolysis causing ketogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic disorder characterized by 'hyperglycemia' due to impaired insulin regulation and/or insulin resistance?

    <p>Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is more associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults in the United States in 2021?

    <p>Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patient risk factors is commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Physical inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diabetes mellitus, what is the approximate number of undiagnosed cases in 2021, according to the text?

    <p>8.7 million cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for insulin secretion into the portal vein?

    <p>Oral ingestion of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is deficient in patients with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2)?

    <p>Amylin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?

    <p>Promotes hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of amylin in regulating glucose and insulin homeostasis?

    <p>Promotes satiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue primarily eliminates insulin through first pass elimination?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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