Diabetes Overview and Management

<p>Average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-7 mmol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&lt; 0.6 mmol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13.3 mmol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thigh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress from exams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruity-smelling breath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood sugar levels are above 7 mmol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketosis is a natural metabolic process, while DKA is a medical emergency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin and fluids IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cover blood sugar spikes from meals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long acting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combines basal and bolus insulin in a single product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To track blood sugar levels for lifestyle adjustments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea (A), Shakiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate and long acting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimal or no peak effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast acting carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consult with a healthcare professional or go to the ER (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humalog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate carbohydrate availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illness or significant weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duration spent maintaining target blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wait 15 minutes and then retest levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rotate injection sites regularly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 inches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes erratic blood glucose control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refrigerate them until used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thigh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NovoPen Echo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dial up to 2-3 units and look for a droplet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not covered by ODB or ADP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replace the needle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased pain during injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HumaPen Luxura HD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chronic condition affecting blood sugar (glucose) processing.

Autoimmune disease where the body doesn't produce insulin.

Body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough. Often linked to lifestyle.

Blood sugar level after an overnight fast. Taken in the morning before eating.

Measures average blood sugar over 3 months. No fasting needed.

Assesses body's ability to process glucose after a sugar load.

Increased thirst, hunger, urination, fatigue, weight loss, slow healing wounds, and numbness/tingling.

Careful monitoring and management of glucose levels during pregnancy, avoiding abdominal injections.

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose. Regularly checking your blood sugar levels using a glucometer.

Low blood sugar. Symptoms include trembling, sweating, hunger, and anxiety.

High blood sugar. Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, dizziness, and confusion.

The percentage of time your blood sugar stays within your target range throughout the day.

Adjusting diabetes management during illness to prevent complications.

A mnemonic to remember medications to hold during illness: Sulfonylureas, ACE inhibitors, Diuretics, Metformin, Angiotensin receptor blockers, NSAIDS, SGLT2 inhibitors.

Substances produced when the body doesn't have enough glucose for energy, often a sign of uncontrolled diabetes.

A hormone that raises blood sugar by releasing stored glucose from the liver.

A nasal spray that quickly delivers glucagon to increase blood sugar levels.

Fast-acting carbohydrate tablets used to quickly raise blood sugar during mild hypoglycemia.

Used to check for ketones in the blood, especially important for type 1 diabetics during illness or high blood sugar levels.

A blood glucose meter that also tests for ketones. Uses separate strips for ketone and glucose testing.

Under 0.6 mmol is ideal. Levels between 0.6-1.5 mmol require rechecking blood sugar and ketones in 2 hours. 1.3-3 mmol indicates a risk of ketoacidosis. Over 3 mmol requires urgent medical attention.

A life-threatening condition occurring when the body produces excessive ketones due to low insulin levels, resulting in acidic blood.

Insufficient insulin, severe infection, severe dehydration. Most common in Type 1 diabetes but can also occur in Type 2.

Fruity-smelling breath caused by acetone, a type of ketone.

Ketosis is a natural process where ketones are produced during fat breakdown for energy. DKA is a dangerous condition with excessive ketone accumulation and blood acidity.

In Ontario, government coverage for diabetes supplies ends at 18 years old. After that, private insurance or out-of-pocket payments may be needed.

The maximum amount of insulin a pen can hold, typically expressed in units. Some pens can be adjusted in specific increments (e.g., 1 unit or 0.5 units).

A pre-filled, disposable container that holds a specific amount of concentrated insulin. It's designed to be used with reusable insulin pens.

A thin, hollow needle pre-filled with insulin used to inject the medication subcutaneously (under the skin).

The process of ensuring a consistent insulin flow from the pen by dispensing a small amount of insulin before injection.

Following injection, the needle should be safely discarded in a sharps container for safe disposal to prevent accidental needlesticks.

The recommended length for insulin pen needles is usually 4mm, providing adequate reach into subcutaneous fat for the insulin.

A type of insulin pen that can be reused multiple times by attaching a new cartridge and needle after each injection.

Calculating the correct dose of insulin based on individual needs and medical advice. Factors considered include insulin strength and individual blood sugar levels.

Insulin is injected under the skin (subcutaneous) in various sites: abdomen, buttocks, thigh, and outer arm. Each site has different absorption rates.

Avoid injecting insulin within 2 inches (5cm) around the belly button and scar tissue.

Injecting insulin into the muscle causes it to be absorbed too quickly, leading to erratic blood sugar control.

A common complication caused by repeated insulin injections in the same site. Fatty lumps form, leading to inconsistent insulin absorption.

No need to pinch the skin. Hold the needle in place for 5-10 seconds to ensure full insulin delivery. Avoid abdominal injections during pregnancy.

Insulin similar to what your pancreas produces, but with slightly modified structure for better properties.

Categorizing insulin based on how quickly it starts working, peaks, and lasts.

Works fast, usually taken 5-15 minutes before meals to cover blood sugar spikes.

Provides sustained insulin levels between meals and overnight, acting as a 'background' insulin.

Insulin that helps maintain consistent blood sugar levels throughout the day.

Insulin taken before meals to control blood sugar spikes from eating.

Often begin with basal insulin at bedtime and gradually increase the dose as needed.

Use blood glucose testing to identify trends and adjust insulin accordingly, prioritizing hypoglycemia management.