30 Questions
What is the main characteristic of diabetes LADA?
Latent autoimmune diabetes
What is the typical age of onset for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Around 13 years
What is the main factor contributing to the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Poor lifestyle choices
Which ethnic group has the highest prevalence of diabetes?
South Asians
What is the estimated number of undiagnosed diabetes cases in the UK?
Around 1 million
What is the primary concern regarding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Its high incidence and preventability
What is the primary characteristic of diabetes according to the WHO definition?
Hyperglycaemia in the absence of treatment
What is the normal range of plasma glucose levels in the human body?
4-6mmol/L
What is the primary cause of 80% of diabetic deaths?
Atherosclerosis
Which hormones play a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the human body?
Glucagon and insulin
What is the consequence of the pathology of diabetes on carbohydrate metabolism?
Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism
How does diabetes link to atherosclerosis?
Through dyslipidaemia
What is the result of hyperglycaemia acting on the receptors?
Decreased sensitivity
What is the term for the process by which glucose binds to proteins and lipids in the blood?
Glycosylation
What is the result of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) on the endothelial wall?
Pro-inflammatory response
What is the term for the resistance to insulin's effects on glucose uptake in the body?
Insulin resistance
What is the result of excess glucose binding to proteins and lipids within the capillary wall structure?
Microvascular damage
What is one way to reduce VAT and down-regulate the host of VAT-derived factors driving IR and beta cell failure?
A combination of exercise and bariatric surgery
What is a potential benefit of reducing calorie intake in terms of appetite?
It releases a fullness hormone to reduce appetite
Why is it important to get a good night's sleep in relation to visceral fat?
Sleep apnea can increase visceral fat
What is the name of the test used to get a longer-term view of blood glucose levels?
HBA1C
What is the result of a 1% reduction in HBA1c in terms of developing HF?
16% decrease in risk of HF
What is the diagnosis of Thomas based on his FPG level of 5.7mmol/l?
Prediabetes
What is the diagnosis of Abigail based on her random blood test result of 11.5mmol/l?
Diabetes
What should be done to the bolus insulin dose if an exercise session is within the time action period of that insulin?
Reduced by 25% to 50%
What can be done to the basal insulin dose if engaging in regular exercise?
Reduced by 20%
What should be done to the basal rates when using an insulin pump and exercising?
Reduced by 50% to 80% 60-90 minutes before exercise
What may not be experienced by people on Betablockers during hypoglycemia?
Palpitations
Why may hypoglycemia be more severe in people on Betablockers?
Because Beta blockers prevent adrenaline from stimulating the liver to make glucose
What should be monitored for in people taking anti-hyperglycaemic medications, even in the absence of hyperglycemia?
Ketoacidosis
Test your knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia. This quiz covers the WHO definition, common characteristics, and more from the Unit 3 Part 3 notes at Brunel University London.
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