Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Progressive pancreatic β-cell failure
  • Autoimmune T-cell–mediated destruction of β cells (correct)
  • Insulin resistance
  • High insulin sensitivity

    • Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes affecting the peripheral nerves?

  • Motor neuropathy (correct)
  • Cataracts
  • Gastroparesis
  • Anion gap metabolic acidosis

    • Which of the following diagnostic tests reflects the average blood glucose over the prior 3 months?

  • Random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL
  • Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL
  • HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (correct)
  • 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ≥ 200 mg/dL

    • What is the primary genetic predisposition difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Type 1 has relatively weak genetic predisposition, Type 2 has strong genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive lipolysis and oxidation of free fatty acids in diabetes can lead to:

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is specifically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Fruity breath odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), what is the expected pH status?

    <p>Normal pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is typically depleted in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to osmotic diuresis?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic breathing pattern seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Kussmaul respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diabetic emergency is associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?

    <p>Diabetic nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment approach for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>IV fluids, IV insulin, and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic acute manifestation of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Weight loss, DKA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by higher than normal Ca2+ levels required to suppress PTH?

    <p>Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus related to nonenzymatic glycation?

    <p>Nephropathy, glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from refractory hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Tertiary hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in terms of PTH levels?

    <p>Normal to increased PTH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic kidney disease, what mineral disturbance is typically seen compared to most other conditions?

    <p>Hyperphosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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