18 Questions
What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Autoimmune T-cell–mediated destruction of β cells
Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes affecting the peripheral nerves?
Motor neuropathy
Which of the following diagnostic tests reflects the average blood glucose over the prior 3 months?
HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
What is the primary genetic predisposition difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 1 has relatively weak genetic predisposition, Type 2 has strong genetic predisposition
Excessive lipolysis and oxidation of free fatty acids in diabetes can lead to:
Ketoacidosis
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Polyuria
Which of the following symptoms is specifically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Fruity breath odor
In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), what is the expected pH status?
Normal pH
Which electrolyte is typically depleted in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to osmotic diuresis?
Potassium (K+)
What is the characteristic breathing pattern seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Kussmaul respirations
Which diabetic emergency is associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
Diabetic nephropathy
What is the treatment approach for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
IV fluids, IV insulin, and potassium
What is a characteristic acute manifestation of type 1 diabetes?
Weight loss, DKA
Which condition is characterized by higher than normal Ca2+ levels required to suppress PTH?
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
What is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus related to nonenzymatic glycation?
Nephropathy, glaucoma
Which condition results from refractory hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease?
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
What characterizes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in terms of PTH levels?
Normal to increased PTH levels
In chronic kidney disease, what mineral disturbance is typically seen compared to most other conditions?
Hyperphosphatemia
Test your knowledge on the various complications associated with diabetes mellitus, including nephropathy, arteriolosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, and osmotic damage. Learn about the impact of diabetes on different organ systems.
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