Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes mellitus?

  • Broken Arm
  • Retinopathy from excessive TV watching
  • Lung Cancer
  • Coronary Artery Disease (correct)

    • What is the most common cause of death for diabetics?

  • Stroke
  • Coronary Artery Disease (correct)
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease

    • What is the first indicator of diabetic nephropathy?

  • Gangrene
  • Stroke
  • Microalbuminuria (correct)
  • Hypertension

    • What percentage of diabetics are affected by hypertension?

    <p>20-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise modality is preferred for individuals who struggle with ambulation?

    <p>Swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the warm-up phase in an exercise session?

    <p>Preparing individuals for the main conditioning phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents exercise intensity using the metabolic equivalent (MET) unit?

    <p>1 MET = 3 mL O2 uptake per kg of muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should individuals at risk undergo before participating in an exercise program?

    <p>ECG and blood pressure evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What type of exercise is recommended for those who have problems with their lower extremities and neuropathic pain?"

    <p>&quot;Swimming&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Which common complication of diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased vision and is a leading cause of blindness among certain age groups?"

    <p>&quot;Diabetic Retinopathy&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?

    <p>Fast cycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics?

    <p>30 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intensity level for the heart rate (HR) during aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics?

    <p>60-70% of HR max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding exercise if glucose levels are below 100 mg/dl or above 250 mg/dl when using insulin?

    <p>To avoid hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a contraindication for exercise based on the provided information?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia during or after exercise?

    <p>Eat a snack before exercise and adjust the medication dose if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and amylin?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to glycated hemoglobin?

    <p>HbA1c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diabetes is characterized by cellular resistance to insulin?

    <p>Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test involves testing for 2 hours after consuming a glucose-rich drink?

    <p>Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals diabetes when the fasting blood glucose level is greater than 126 mg/dl?

    <p>&gt;126 mg/dl in Fasting Plasma Glucose Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which classification of diabetes does the pancreas produce little or no insulin?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major type of glandular secretion from the pancreas?

    <p>Pancreatic fluid into the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test for diabetes is both cheap and fast?

    <p>(FPG) Fasting Plasma Glucose Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement for people with diabetes?

    <p>To assess the average blood sugar levels over a period of weeks/months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for HbA1c levels?

    <p>Less than 5.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune reaction in which the beta cells that produce insulin are destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>History of diabetes in parents or siblings, obesity, physical inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin Therapy and self-blood glucose testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safe pre-exercise blood glucose (BG) range for diabetic patients?

    <p>&lt;250 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Patients usually unaware of diabetes and do not experience weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypoglycemia?

    <p>Low blood sugar level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Glucometer for diabetic patients?

    <p>To provide fast and accurate measurements of blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyphagia in diabetes refers to:

    <p>Hunger and eating more since cells cannot utilize glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

    • Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus
    • Microvascular disease is a leading cause of death for diabetics

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    • The first indicator of diabetic nephropathy is microalbuminuria

    Hypertension and Diabetes

    • 80% of diabetics are affected by hypertension

    Exercise and Diabetes

    • Water-based exercises are preferred for individuals who struggle with ambulation
    • The warm-up phase in an exercise session lasts for 5-10 minutes
    • 1 MET represents exercise intensity using the metabolic equivalent unit
    • Individuals at risk should undergo a graded exercise test before participating in an exercise program
    • Aquatic exercises are recommended for those who have problems with their lower extremities and neuropathic pain

    Vision and Diabetes

    • Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus associated with decreased vision and is a leading cause of blindness among certain age groups

    Aerobic Exercise and Diabetes

    • Brisk walking is an example of aerobic exercise
    • The recommended duration for aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics is at least 150 minutes/week
    • The recommended intensity level for the heart rate (HR) during aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics is 50-70% of maximum HR

    Blood Glucose Levels and Exercise

    • Avoid exercise if glucose levels are below 100 mg/dl or above 250 mg/dl when using insulin to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

    Contraindications for Exercise

    • Uncontrolled hypertension is a contraindication for exercise

    Hypoglycemia and Exercise

    • For patients experiencing hypoglycemia during or after exercise, administer 15-30 grams of carbohydrates

    Insulin and Amylin

    • Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and amylin

    Glycated Hemoglobin

    • HbA1c refers to glycated hemoglobin
    • The normal range for HbA1c levels is less than 7%

    Types of Diabetes

    • Insulin resistance characterizes Type 2 Diabetes
    • The oral glucose tolerance test involves testing for 2 hours after consuming a glucose-rich drink
    • A fasting blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dl signals diabetes
    • The pancreas produces little or no insulin in Type 1 Diabetes
    • Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans
    • The major type of glandular secretion from the pancreas is exocrine
    • The Random Plasma Glucose test is both cheap and fast
    • The main function of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement for people with diabetes is to assess average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months
    • The pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes involves an autoimmune response that destroys beta cells
    • Risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, and family history
    • The main treatment for Type 1 Diabetes is insulin therapy
    • The safe pre-exercise blood glucose (BG) range for diabetic patients is 100-250 mg/dl
    • Manifestations of Type 2 Diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
    • Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dl
    • The primary function of the Glucometer for diabetic patients is to measure blood glucose levels
    • Polyphagia in diabetes refers to excessive hunger

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    Test your knowledge of complications that can arise from diabetes mellitus, including skin infections and cardiovascular conditions. Explore the impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and male erectile dysfunction.

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