Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Quiz

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

• Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus
• Microvascular disease is a leading cause of death for diabetics

Diabetic Nephropathy

• The first indicator of diabetic nephropathy is microalbuminuria

Hypertension and Diabetes

• 80% of diabetics are affected by hypertension

Exercise and Diabetes

• Water-based exercises are preferred for individuals who struggle with ambulation
• The warm-up phase in an exercise session lasts for 5-10 minutes
• 1 MET represents exercise intensity using the metabolic equivalent unit
• Individuals at risk should undergo a graded exercise test before participating in an exercise program
• Aquatic exercises are recommended for those who have problems with their lower extremities and neuropathic pain

Vision and Diabetes

• Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus associated with decreased vision and is a leading cause of blindness among certain age groups

Aerobic Exercise and Diabetes

• Brisk walking is an example of aerobic exercise
• The recommended duration for aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics is at least 150 minutes/week
• The recommended intensity level for the heart rate (HR) during aerobic activity in the exercise prescription for diabetics is 50-70% of maximum HR

Blood Glucose Levels and Exercise

• Avoid exercise if glucose levels are below 100 mg/dl or above 250 mg/dl when using insulin to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

Contraindications for Exercise

• Uncontrolled hypertension is a contraindication for exercise

Hypoglycemia and Exercise

• For patients experiencing hypoglycemia during or after exercise, administer 15-30 grams of carbohydrates

Insulin and Amylin

• Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and amylin

Glycated Hemoglobin

• HbA1c refers to glycated hemoglobin
• The normal range for HbA1c levels is less than 7%

Types of Diabetes

• Insulin resistance characterizes Type 2 Diabetes
• The oral glucose tolerance test involves testing for 2 hours after consuming a glucose-rich drink
• A fasting blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dl signals diabetes
• The pancreas produces little or no insulin in Type 1 Diabetes
• Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans
• The major type of glandular secretion from the pancreas is exocrine
• The Random Plasma Glucose test is both cheap and fast
• The main function of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement for people with diabetes is to assess average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months
• The pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes involves an autoimmune response that destroys beta cells
• Risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, and family history
• The main treatment for Type 1 Diabetes is insulin therapy
• The safe pre-exercise blood glucose (BG) range for diabetic patients is 100-250 mg/dl
• Manifestations of Type 2 Diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
• Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dl
• The primary function of the Glucometer for diabetic patients is to measure blood glucose levels
• Polyphagia in diabetes refers to excessive hunger

Test your knowledge of complications that can arise from diabetes mellitus, including skin infections and cardiovascular conditions. Explore the impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and male erectile dysfunction.