Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Chronic Disease

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What is the percentage of all types of diabetes mellitus that Type 1 DM accounts for?

5%-10% (correct)

10%-15%

15%-20%

20%-25%

What is the primary reason for the decrease in insulin secretion over time in Type 2 DM?

Lack of exercise

Insulin resistance (correct)

Higher weight

Viral infection

What is the typical age of onset for Type 2 DM?

Only in elderly people

Only in adults

More common in adults but can occur at any age (correct)

Only in children

What is the characteristic of the onset of symptoms in Type 1 DM?

Abrupt, but may take several years to develop Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the body that develops antibodies against insulin and/or the pancreatic β-cells that make insulin?

85% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental factor that contributes to the development of Type 2 DM?

Higher weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the presence of islet cell antibodies in Type 1 DM?

Often present at onset Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in the United States has Diabetes Mellitus?

10.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people with undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in the United States?

7.3 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of Diabetes Mellitus as a cause of death in the United States?

7th leading cause of death Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range most commonly affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Under 40 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of all people with Diabetes Mellitus who have Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

5%-10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and heart disease death rates?

Diabetes Mellitus increases heart disease death rates by 2-4 times Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States?

Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical characteristic of symptom onset in type 1 diabetes?

Rapid onset of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes?

Requires a supply of insulin from an outside source Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of not receiving insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes?

Diabetes-related ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Being overweight or obese Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of beta cells that no longer secrete insulin when signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia develop in type 2 diabetes?

50%-80% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, but not type 1 diabetes?

Pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of people with diabetes who have type 2 diabetes?

90%-95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of insulin resistance in body tissues?

Impeded entry of glucose into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a marked decrease in insulin production by the pancreas?

Increased insulin resistance in body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of adipokines in glucose metabolism?

Regulating glucose and fat metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of weight loss and regular physical activity on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals with metabolic syndrome?

It reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in the insulin receptors that leads to insulin resistance?

Insulin receptors are unresponsive or insufficient Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in individuals with a first-degree relative with the disease?

10 times higher Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM?

Polyphagia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes mellitus is often associated with visceral adiposity?

Type 2 DM Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference in the requirement of insulin therapy between Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM?

Insulin therapy is required for all Type 1 DM patients, but only for some Type 2 DM patients Signup and view all the answers

What is a frequent complication of both Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM?

Vascular and neurologic complications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of insulin production in Type 2 DM?

Decreased insulin production over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in both Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM?

To manage blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the body type of individuals with Type 2 DM?

Often overweight or obese with visceral adiposity Signup and view all the answers