Podcast
Questions and Answers
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin. Which statement best explains the underlying pathophysiology that necessitates insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes?
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin. Which statement best explains the underlying pathophysiology that necessitates insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes?
- Insulin resistance at the cellular level prevents glucose uptake, requiring increased insulin doses to compensate.
- Dietary intake of carbohydrates is too high, leading to chronic hyperglycemia.
- The liver produces excessive glucose, overwhelming the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels.
- The pancreas produces insufficient insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells. (correct)
A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin. What is the primary mechanism of action by which metformin lowers blood glucose?
A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin. What is the primary mechanism of action by which metformin lowers blood glucose?
- Inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates from the small intestine.
- Stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin.
- Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and decreasing hepatic glucose production. (correct)
- Slowing the breakdown of incretin hormones, thereby increasing insulin secretion.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving insulin lispro. What is the most critical instruction to provide regarding timing of administration in relation to meals?
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving insulin lispro. What is the most critical instruction to provide regarding timing of administration in relation to meals?
- Administer the injection immediately before or after meals. (correct)
- Administer the injection at bedtime.
- Administer the injection 1 to 2 hours before meals.
- Administer the injection 30 minutes before meals.
A patient with diabetes mellitus who also has hypertension and dyslipidemia is prescribed an ACE inhibitor, a statin, and an oral antidiabetic drug. What is the rationale for prescribing an ACE inhibitor and a statin for this patient?
A patient with diabetes mellitus who also has hypertension and dyslipidemia is prescribed an ACE inhibitor, a statin, and an oral antidiabetic drug. What is the rationale for prescribing an ACE inhibitor and a statin for this patient?
A nurse is teaching a patient about the proper administration of subcutaneous insulin injections. Which of the following instructions is most important to include to prevent lipohypertrophy?
A nurse is teaching a patient about the proper administration of subcutaneous insulin injections. Which of the following instructions is most important to include to prevent lipohypertrophy?
A patient with a history of osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin. What is the primary mechanism by which calcitonin is expected to improve bone density?
A patient with a history of osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin. What is the primary mechanism by which calcitonin is expected to improve bone density?
A patient is diagnosed with hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for the initial management of this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for the initial management of this condition?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize to maximize drug absorption and minimize adverse effects?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize to maximize drug absorption and minimize adverse effects?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is at risk for developing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following mechanisms contributes to this condition?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is at risk for developing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following mechanisms contributes to this condition?
A nurse is monitoring a patient receiving teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis. What potential adverse effect should the nurse prioritize monitoring for?
A nurse is monitoring a patient receiving teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis. What potential adverse effect should the nurse prioritize monitoring for?
A patient with Addison's disease is started on hydrocortisone. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to emphasize regarding medication administration and potential adjustments?
A patient with Addison's disease is started on hydrocortisone. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to emphasize regarding medication administration and potential adjustments?
A patient being treated for Cushing's disease with ketoconazole reports experiencing muscle weakness and an irregular heartbeat. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect is most likely contributing to these symptoms?
A patient being treated for Cushing's disease with ketoconazole reports experiencing muscle weakness and an irregular heartbeat. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect is most likely contributing to these symptoms?
A patient is undergoing testing for adrenal insufficiency. The physician orders a cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) stimulation test. Which result would indicate a primary adrenal insufficiency?
A patient is undergoing testing for adrenal insufficiency. The physician orders a cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) stimulation test. Which result would indicate a primary adrenal insufficiency?
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is prescribed mitotane. What is the primary mechanism by which mitotane helps manage Cushing's syndrome?
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is prescribed mitotane. What is the primary mechanism by which mitotane helps manage Cushing's syndrome?
A patient with Addison's disease is taking fludrocortisone. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that the patient is experiencing an excessive mineralocorticoid effect?
A patient with Addison's disease is taking fludrocortisone. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that the patient is experiencing an excessive mineralocorticoid effect?
A patient taking an amylin analog such as pramlintide acetate reports persistent nausea and a decreased appetite. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
A patient taking an amylin analog such as pramlintide acetate reports persistent nausea and a decreased appetite. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
A patient newly prescribed an incretin mimetic asks about its mechanism of action. Which explanation is most accurate?
A patient newly prescribed an incretin mimetic asks about its mechanism of action. Which explanation is most accurate?
A patient with diabetes who is prescribed a new medication reports experiencing a persistent runny nose, sore throat and headache. Which medication is most likely causing these adverse effects?
A patient with diabetes who is prescribed a new medication reports experiencing a persistent runny nose, sore throat and headache. Which medication is most likely causing these adverse effects?
A patient taking exenatide reports severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. What is the priority nursing action?
A patient taking exenatide reports severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. What is the priority nursing action?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed pramlintide in addition to their insulin regimen. What is the most important instruction regarding the administration of pramlintide?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed pramlintide in addition to their insulin regimen. What is the most important instruction regarding the administration of pramlintide?
What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding the necessity of exogenous insulin administration?
What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding the necessity of exogenous insulin administration?
Which of the following best describes the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to type 1?
Which of the following best describes the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to type 1?
Which characteristic is most indicative of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which characteristic is most indicative of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Which cluster of findings would most strongly support this diagnosis?
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Which cluster of findings would most strongly support this diagnosis?
What factor significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus?
What factor significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus?
In assessing a young male patient suspected of having type 1 diabetes, which age range would align with the peak incidence for males?
In assessing a young male patient suspected of having type 1 diabetes, which age range would align with the peak incidence for males?
Why is early diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus, especially type 1, critical during childhood and adolescence?
Why is early diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus, especially type 1, critical during childhood and adolescence?
How does the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus compare to type 1 diabetes mellitus?
How does the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus compare to type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Following a meal, the pancreas increases insulin secretion. What is the primary initial destination of this secreted insulin?
Following a meal, the pancreas increases insulin secretion. What is the primary initial destination of this secreted insulin?
A patient with diabetes mellitus experiences polyuria. What is the underlying physiological mechanism directly responsible for this?
A patient with diabetes mellitus experiences polyuria. What is the underlying physiological mechanism directly responsible for this?
A patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus develops atherosclerosis. Which of the following vascular complications is most likely to arise as a result of this process?
A patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus develops atherosclerosis. Which of the following vascular complications is most likely to arise as a result of this process?
How does insulin primarily facilitate the reduction of blood glucose levels?
How does insulin primarily facilitate the reduction of blood glucose levels?
A patient is newly diagnosed with diabetes and reports experiencing excessive thirst. What term describes this symptom?
A patient is newly diagnosed with diabetes and reports experiencing excessive thirst. What term describes this symptom?
What happens to circulating insulin after it has performed its function?
What happens to circulating insulin after it has performed its function?
A patient with diabetes mellitus is found to have glucosuria during a routine checkup. What physiological process directly causes this condition?
A patient with diabetes mellitus is found to have glucosuria during a routine checkup. What physiological process directly causes this condition?
How does insulin influence the metabolism of fats and proteins in the body.
How does insulin influence the metabolism of fats and proteins in the body.
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose. What is the primary mechanism by which acarbose helps to lower postprandial blood glucose levels?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose. What is the primary mechanism by which acarbose helps to lower postprandial blood glucose levels?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed rosiglitazone. What is the primary mechanism of action of rosiglitazone?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed rosiglitazone. What is the primary mechanism of action of rosiglitazone?
A patient taking repaglinide is about to skip a meal. What is the most appropriate nursing action regarding the medication dose?
A patient taking repaglinide is about to skip a meal. What is the most appropriate nursing action regarding the medication dose?
A patient with elevated serum glucose is prescribed sitagliptin. How does sitagliptin lower blood glucose levels?
A patient with elevated serum glucose is prescribed sitagliptin. How does sitagliptin lower blood glucose levels?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose. Which pre-existing condition would be a contraindication to using this medication?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose. Which pre-existing condition would be a contraindication to using this medication?
A patient is prescribed pioglitazone. Which of the following assessments is most important for the nurse to monitor due to the risks associated with this medication?
A patient is prescribed pioglitazone. Which of the following assessments is most important for the nurse to monitor due to the risks associated with this medication?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed both repaglinide and metformin. What is the rationale for prescribing these two antidiabetic medications?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed both repaglinide and metformin. What is the rationale for prescribing these two antidiabetic medications?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse understands that sitagliptin helps lower blood glucose by primarily affecting which physiological process?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse understands that sitagliptin helps lower blood glucose by primarily affecting which physiological process?
Which of the following physiological responses would directly inhibit insulin secretion?
Which of the following physiological responses would directly inhibit insulin secretion?
A patient with type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy. Why is insulin not administered orally?
A patient with type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy. Why is insulin not administered orally?
A patient is prescribed a rapid-acting insulin analog. Which characteristic is most important for the nurse to consider when educating the patient about its use?
A patient is prescribed a rapid-acting insulin analog. Which characteristic is most important for the nurse to consider when educating the patient about its use?
Which of the following best describes the preparation and source of human insulin used in the United States?
Which of the following best describes the preparation and source of human insulin used in the United States?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed both regular insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin. What is the rationale for prescribing these two types of insulin?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed both regular insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin. What is the rationale for prescribing these two types of insulin?
A patient is switched from multiple daily injections of insulin to an insulin pump that delivers a continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin. Which type of insulin is typically used in insulin pumps?
A patient is switched from multiple daily injections of insulin to an insulin pump that delivers a continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin. Which type of insulin is typically used in insulin pumps?
Which factor can increase blood glucose?
Which factor can increase blood glucose?
Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, works via which primary mechanism to lower blood glucose levels?
Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, works via which primary mechanism to lower blood glucose levels?
When administering subcutaneous insulin, what factors influence the absorption rate and, therefore, the onset and duration of action?
When administering subcutaneous insulin, what factors influence the absorption rate and, therefore, the onset and duration of action?
A patient taking canagliflozin reports symptoms of dizziness and lightheadedness upon standing. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A patient taking canagliflozin reports symptoms of dizziness and lightheadedness upon standing. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
Why is combination drug therapy becoming increasingly common in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Why is combination drug therapy becoming increasingly common in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
When initiating combination drug therapy for a patient with type 2 diabetes, what laboratory parameters should be monitored regularly to assess the effectiveness of the treatment?
When initiating combination drug therapy for a patient with type 2 diabetes, what laboratory parameters should be monitored regularly to assess the effectiveness of the treatment?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed enalapril. What is the primary rationale for using ACE inhibitors like enalapril in diabetic patients?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed enalapril. What is the primary rationale for using ACE inhibitors like enalapril in diabetic patients?
A patient with diabetes and hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. What potential metabolic side effect related to diabetes should the nurse monitor for?
A patient with diabetes and hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. What potential metabolic side effect related to diabetes should the nurse monitor for?
What are the primary goals of antidiabetic therapy?
What are the primary goals of antidiabetic therapy?
For a patient with diabetes, what is the rationale for prescribing aspirin as an adjuvant medication?
For a patient with diabetes, what is the rationale for prescribing aspirin as an adjuvant medication?
What is the primary mechanism by which vitamin D increases serum calcium levels?
What is the primary mechanism by which vitamin D increases serum calcium levels?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of vitamin D in bone health?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of vitamin D in bone health?
A patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which physiological process is most directly affected by this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which physiological process is most directly affected by this condition?
What is a potential long-term consequence of untreated hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia?
What is a potential long-term consequence of untreated hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia?
In addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation, what lifestyle change is most beneficial in preventing osteoporosis?
In addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation, what lifestyle change is most beneficial in preventing osteoporosis?
A patient on chronic corticosteroid therapy is assessed to be at risk of osteoporosis. What is the underlying mechanism by which corticosteroids contribute to bone loss?
A patient on chronic corticosteroid therapy is assessed to be at risk of osteoporosis. What is the underlying mechanism by which corticosteroids contribute to bone loss?
A patient with a history of smoking is advised to quit to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. How does smoking contribute to the development of osteoporosis?
A patient with a history of smoking is advised to quit to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. How does smoking contribute to the development of osteoporosis?
Which statement best describes the relationship between vitamin D, calcium intake, and bone health?
Which statement best describes the relationship between vitamin D, calcium intake, and bone health?
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a direct way by which hormones regulate calcium and bone metabolism?
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a direct way by which hormones regulate calcium and bone metabolism?
A patient with hypocalcemia is likely to experience increased secretion of which hormone?
A patient with hypocalcemia is likely to experience increased secretion of which hormone?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium levels in the kidneys?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium levels in the kidneys?
What is the primary stimulus for calcitonin secretion?
What is the primary stimulus for calcitonin secretion?
Which of the following accurately describes calcitonin's action in the body?
Which of the following accurately describes calcitonin's action in the body?
A patient has a condition causing chronically elevated serum calcium levels. Which hormone would be most beneficial in managing this condition?
A patient has a condition causing chronically elevated serum calcium levels. Which hormone would be most beneficial in managing this condition?
What is the primary goal of drug therapy in managing calcium imbalances?
What is the primary goal of drug therapy in managing calcium imbalances?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence calcium levels in the intestines?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence calcium levels in the intestines?
A patient is diagnosed with a condition that impairs the function of the thyroid gland, resulting in decreased calcitonin secretion. What potential electrolyte imbalance is this patient at risk for?
A patient is diagnosed with a condition that impairs the function of the thyroid gland, resulting in decreased calcitonin secretion. What potential electrolyte imbalance is this patient at risk for?
A patient presents with acute, severe hypocalcemia. Which of the following interventions is the most essential and immediate?
A patient presents with acute, severe hypocalcemia. Which of the following interventions is the most essential and immediate?
A patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin. What is the intended therapeutic effect of this medication?
A patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin. What is the intended therapeutic effect of this medication?
Which intervention is the priority in the emergency treatment of acute hypercalcemia with severe symptoms or a serum calcium level greater than 14 mg/dL?
Which intervention is the priority in the emergency treatment of acute hypercalcemia with severe symptoms or a serum calcium level greater than 14 mg/dL?
A patient is prescribed alendronate for osteoporosis. What physiological process does alendronate directly influence to increase bone density?
A patient is prescribed alendronate for osteoporosis. What physiological process does alendronate directly influence to increase bone density?
Why is intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride administered in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
Why is intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride administered in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
What is the rationale for administering corticosteroids in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
What is the rationale for administering corticosteroids in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
A 72-year-old patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency. Considering the recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D, what daily intake should the nurse recommend?
A 72-year-old patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency. Considering the recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D, what daily intake should the nurse recommend?
What is the primary purpose of the overnight dexamethasone suppression test in the context of Cushing's disease?
What is the primary purpose of the overnight dexamethasone suppression test in the context of Cushing's disease?
Why is combination therapy with both mineralocorticoids and adrenocorticoids essential in the treatment of Addison's disease?
Why is combination therapy with both mineralocorticoids and adrenocorticoids essential in the treatment of Addison's disease?
In the drug therapy for Cushing's disease, medications aim to inhibit one or more enzymes involved in cortisol synthesis. Which drug exemplifies an 11-Deoxycortisol inhibitor used in this process?
In the drug therapy for Cushing's disease, medications aim to inhibit one or more enzymes involved in cortisol synthesis. Which drug exemplifies an 11-Deoxycortisol inhibitor used in this process?
A patient with Cushing's disease is being treated with mitotane. What specific monitoring should be prioritized to assess the drug's effectiveness and prevent potential complications?
A patient with Cushing's disease is being treated with mitotane. What specific monitoring should be prioritized to assess the drug's effectiveness and prevent potential complications?
When providing patient teaching for individuals on long-term hydrocortisone therapy for Addison's disease, what is the most important instruction regarding medication adjustments during periods of stress or illness?
When providing patient teaching for individuals on long-term hydrocortisone therapy for Addison's disease, what is the most important instruction regarding medication adjustments during periods of stress or illness?
Which feedback mechanism primarily regulates adrenocortical hormone secretion under normal, non-stressful conditions?
Which feedback mechanism primarily regulates adrenocortical hormone secretion under normal, non-stressful conditions?
In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged, leading to decreased production of its hormones. Which of the following etiologies is the MOST common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged, leading to decreased production of its hormones. Which of the following etiologies is the MOST common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
A patient with Addison's disease is MOST likely to exhibit signs and symptoms directly related to a deficiency in which hormones?
A patient with Addison's disease is MOST likely to exhibit signs and symptoms directly related to a deficiency in which hormones?
A patient with adrenal cortex insufficiency is likely to experience a range of clinical manifestations. Which of the following clinical manifestations is the MOST directly related to the loss of sodium and water?
A patient with adrenal cortex insufficiency is likely to experience a range of clinical manifestations. Which of the following clinical manifestations is the MOST directly related to the loss of sodium and water?
In a patient with secondary adrenocortical insufficiency caused by hypopituitarism, which hormonal change is the PRIMARY underlying cause of the adrenal cortex dysfunction?
In a patient with secondary adrenocortical insufficiency caused by hypopituitarism, which hormonal change is the PRIMARY underlying cause of the adrenal cortex dysfunction?
Which of the following conditions would be MOST indicative of primary adrenocortical insufficiency rather than secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?
Which of the following conditions would be MOST indicative of primary adrenocortical insufficiency rather than secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?
A patient with suspected adrenocortical insufficiency undergoes diagnostic testing. Which set of laboratory findings would BEST support a diagnosis of PRIMARY adrenal insufficiency?
A patient with suspected adrenocortical insufficiency undergoes diagnostic testing. Which set of laboratory findings would BEST support a diagnosis of PRIMARY adrenal insufficiency?
Following a bilateral adrenalectomy, what hormone replacement strategy is MOST crucial for the immediate survival and long-term well-being of the patient?
Following a bilateral adrenalectomy, what hormone replacement strategy is MOST crucial for the immediate survival and long-term well-being of the patient?
A patient with Addison's disease is admitted to the emergency department after experiencing a sudden onset of severe nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Which underlying physiological process is most likely contributing to these symptoms?
A patient with Addison's disease is admitted to the emergency department after experiencing a sudden onset of severe nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Which underlying physiological process is most likely contributing to these symptoms?
A patient with known Addison's disease presents to the clinic for a routine follow-up. The patient mentions experiencing an unusual craving for salty foods. How does this relate to their underlying condition?
A patient with known Addison's disease presents to the clinic for a routine follow-up. The patient mentions experiencing an unusual craving for salty foods. How does this relate to their underlying condition?
During the assessment of a patient with Cushing's disease, a nurse notes the presence of thin, fragile skin, easy bruising, and broad purple striae on the abdomen. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism that explains these clinical findings?
During the assessment of a patient with Cushing's disease, a nurse notes the presence of thin, fragile skin, easy bruising, and broad purple striae on the abdomen. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism that explains these clinical findings?
A female patient diagnosed with Cushing's disease reports increased facial hair and a deepening of her voice. Which hormonal imbalance primarily accounts for these changes?
A female patient diagnosed with Cushing's disease reports increased facial hair and a deepening of her voice. Which hormonal imbalance primarily accounts for these changes?
A patient with Cushing's disease is at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and fractures. Which physiological mechanism explains this increased risk?
A patient with Cushing's disease is at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and fractures. Which physiological mechanism explains this increased risk?
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is diagnosed with impaired wound healing following a surgical procedure. What is the primary mechanism by which excessive cortisol levels contribute to this delayed healing process?
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is diagnosed with impaired wound healing following a surgical procedure. What is the primary mechanism by which excessive cortisol levels contribute to this delayed healing process?
A patient diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome reports experiencing persistent and worsening depression. How do elevated cortisol levels contribute to the development of depressive symptoms?
A patient diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome reports experiencing persistent and worsening depression. How do elevated cortisol levels contribute to the development of depressive symptoms?
A patient is suspected of having adrenocortical insufficiency. The provider orders a diagnostic test to confirm this diagnosis. Which test would be most appropriate to confirm adrenocortical insufficiency?
A patient is suspected of having adrenocortical insufficiency. The provider orders a diagnostic test to confirm this diagnosis. Which test would be most appropriate to confirm adrenocortical insufficiency?
Flashcards
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
An autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A condition characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Insulin Action
Insulin Action
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas
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Adverse Effects of Antidiabetic Drugs
Adverse Effects of Antidiabetic Drugs
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Role of Parathyroid Hormone
Role of Parathyroid Hormone
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Calcitonin Function
Calcitonin Function
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Vitamin D Role
Vitamin D Role
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Bisphosphonates Prototype
Bisphosphonates Prototype
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Management of Hypercalcemia
Management of Hypercalcemia
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Addison disease
Addison disease
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Cushing disease
Cushing disease
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Corticotropin (ACTH) usage
Corticotropin (ACTH) usage
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Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) usage
Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) usage
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Nursing process for Addison/Cushing
Nursing process for Addison/Cushing
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Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia
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Glycosuria
Glycosuria
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Polydipsia
Polydipsia
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Polyuria
Polyuria
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
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Complications of Diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
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Insulin Function
Insulin Function
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Metabolic Abnormalities in Diabetes
Metabolic Abnormalities in Diabetes
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Insulin Administration
Insulin Administration
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Sudden Onset (Type 1)
Sudden Onset (Type 1)
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Gradual Onset (Type 2)
Gradual Onset (Type 2)
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Risk Factors for Type 2
Risk Factors for Type 2
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Exogenous Insulin in Type 2
Exogenous Insulin in Type 2
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Insulin Secretion Stimulus
Insulin Secretion Stimulus
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Insulin Type
Insulin Type
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Insulin Administration Routes
Insulin Administration Routes
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Rapid-Acting Insulin
Rapid-Acting Insulin
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Insulin Concentration
Insulin Concentration
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Insulin Types
Insulin Types
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Insulin Preparation Types
Insulin Preparation Types
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Hormones Raising Blood Glucose
Hormones Raising Blood Glucose
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Adverse Effects of Pramlintide Acetate
Adverse Effects of Pramlintide Acetate
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Amylin Analogs Mechanism
Amylin Analogs Mechanism
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Indications for Using Incretin Mimetics
Indications for Using Incretin Mimetics
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Common Adverse Effects of Incretin Mimetics
Common Adverse Effects of Incretin Mimetics
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Nursing Process Implications for Diabetes Medications
Nursing Process Implications for Diabetes Medications
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Acarbose
Acarbose
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Acarbose Indications
Acarbose Indications
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Acarbose Adverse Effects
Acarbose Adverse Effects
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Rosiglitazone Mechanism
Rosiglitazone Mechanism
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Sitagliptin
Sitagliptin
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Repaglinide Mechanism
Repaglinide Mechanism
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Meglitinides
Meglitinides
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Thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones
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Canagliflozin
Canagliflozin
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Combination Drug Therapy
Combination Drug Therapy
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ACE Inhibitors
ACE Inhibitors
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Thiazide-like Diuretics
Thiazide-like Diuretics
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Blood Glucose Goals
Blood Glucose Goals
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Adverse Effects of Canagliflozin
Adverse Effects of Canagliflozin
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Monitoring Glycemic Control
Monitoring Glycemic Control
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Insulin Therapy Initiation
Insulin Therapy Initiation
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Regulation of Calcium Metabolism
Regulation of Calcium Metabolism
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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Calcitonin
Calcitonin
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Hypocalcemia Effects
Hypocalcemia Effects
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Hypercalcemia Response
Hypercalcemia Response
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Calcium Absorption
Calcium Absorption
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Calcium Excretion
Calcium Excretion
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Hypocalcemic Drugs
Hypocalcemic Drugs
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Hypercalcemic Drugs
Hypercalcemic Drugs
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Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements
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Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates
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Emergency Hypercalcemia Treatment
Emergency Hypercalcemia Treatment
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Recommended Vitamin D Intake
Recommended Vitamin D Intake
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Acute Severe Hypocalcemia Treatment
Acute Severe Hypocalcemia Treatment
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D
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Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia
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Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia
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Osteoporosis Prevention
Osteoporosis Prevention
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Role of Vitamin D
Role of Vitamin D
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Chronic Corticosteroid Therapy
Chronic Corticosteroid Therapy
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Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
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Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
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Negative Feedback System
Negative Feedback System
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Clinical Manifestations of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Clinical Manifestations of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
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Primary vs Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Primary vs Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency
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Corticosteroid Secretion
Corticosteroid Secretion
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Stimuli of Hormone Secretion
Stimuli of Hormone Secretion
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Acute Adrenal Crisis
Acute Adrenal Crisis
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Addison Disease Symptoms
Addison Disease Symptoms
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Confirming Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Confirming Adrenocortical Insufficiency
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Cushing Disease Causes
Cushing Disease Causes
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Cushing Disease Symptoms
Cushing Disease Symptoms
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Effects of Cushing Disease on Females
Effects of Cushing Disease on Females
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Diagnosis of Cushing Disease
Diagnosis of Cushing Disease
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Complications of Cushing Disease
Complications of Cushing Disease
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Cushing Disease Diagnosis
Cushing Disease Diagnosis
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Drugs for Addison Disease
Drugs for Addison Disease
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Cushing Disease Treatment
Cushing Disease Treatment
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Nursing Process Steps
Nursing Process Steps
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Patient Teaching in Addison Disease
Patient Teaching in Addison Disease
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment
- Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Identify clinical manifestations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Identify insulin prototype actions, uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications
- Discuss features of various insulin types and insulin analogs
- Identify oral antidiabetic drug prototypes, actions, uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications
- Identify prototypes and describe actions, uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications for sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors, amylin analogs, incretin mimetics, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
- Apply pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacotherapeutics of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and statins in diabetic care
- Implement nursing process for diabetes patients in receiving medications, explaining benefits, assisting patients/caregivers in diabetes management, administering medications and assessing/monitoring adherence to treatment strategies
- Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Discuss characteristics of various types of insulins and insulin analogs
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Description
Explore treatments for diabetes mellitus, including insulin types and oral antidiabetic drugs. Learn about actions, uses, and nursing implications of drugs like sulfonylureas, ACE inhibitors and statins in managing diabetes. Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their clinical manifestations.
