Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

  • Type 1 DM (correct)
  • Type 4 DM
  • Type 3 DM
  • Type 2 DM

What is hyperinsulinemia?

  • Normal insulin levels in the blood
  • Insufficient insulin in the blood
  • Absence of insulin in the blood
  • Excessive insulin in the blood (correct)

Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by elevated blood glucose, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis?

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Insulin resistance
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

Which hormone has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

<p>Glucagon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of incretins and DDP 4 inhibitors in the management of blood glucose?

<p>Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Type 1 is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while type 2 is primarily due to insulin resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hyperinsulinemia?

<p>Excess insulin levels in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by severe hyperglycemia and dehydration leading to altered mental status?

<p>Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

<p>It stimulates glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of DPP-4 inhibitors in managing blood glucose levels?

<p>They inhibit the breakdown of incretins, prolonging their action to reduce blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

<p>Glucagon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in characteristics between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

<p>Ketone body production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes amylin and its effect related to insulin?

<p>Inhibits insulin secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of pathophysiology?

<p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics correctly describes the action of incretins and DDP 4 inhibitors?

<p>Stimulate insulin release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome does not produce ketosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

<p>Glucagon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of pathophysiology?

<p>Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes incretins and DDP-4 inhibitors' action in managing blood glucose levels?

<p>Incretins stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion, while DDP-4 inhibitors prevent incretin degradation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hyperinsulinemia?

<p>Hyperinsulinemia refers to elevated levels of insulin in the blood often seen in insulin resistance conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the biosynthesis of insulin?

<p>Synthesized in the pancreas as preproinsulin, then cleaved into proinsulin, and finally into insulin and C-peptide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylin in relation to insulin?

<p>Inhibits glucagon release and slows gastric emptying to prevent postprandial spikes in glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon differ from insulin in its effect on blood glucose levels?

<p>Raises blood glucose levels by triggering glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes the relationship between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

<p>Both conditions result from severe insulin deficiency but present with different electrolyte imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do incretins play in managing blood glucose levels compared to DDP-4 inhibitors?

<p>Incretins enhance insulin secretion after meals, while DDP-4 inhibitors prevent incretin breakdown to prolong their action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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