Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

  • Type 1 DM (correct)
  • Type 4 DM
  • Type 3 DM
  • Type 2 DM

    • What is hyperinsulinemia?

  • Normal insulin levels in the blood
  • Insufficient insulin in the blood
  • Absence of insulin in the blood
  • Excessive insulin in the blood (correct)

    • Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by elevated blood glucose, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis?

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Insulin resistance
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

    • Which hormone has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of incretins and DDP 4 inhibitors in the management of blood glucose?

    <p>Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Type 1 is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while type 2 is primarily due to insulin resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hyperinsulinemia?

    <p>Excess insulin levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by severe hyperglycemia and dehydration leading to altered mental status?

    <p>Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

    <p>It stimulates glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of DPP-4 inhibitors in managing blood glucose levels?

    <p>They inhibit the breakdown of incretins, prolonging their action to reduce blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in characteristics between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

    <p>Ketone body production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes amylin and its effect related to insulin?

    <p>Inhibits insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of pathophysiology?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics correctly describes the action of incretins and DDP 4 inhibitors?

    <p>Stimulate insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

    <p>Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome does not produce ketosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone has an antagonist relationship with insulin, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the blood?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of pathophysiology?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes incretins and DDP-4 inhibitors' action in managing blood glucose levels?

    <p>Incretins stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion, while DDP-4 inhibitors prevent incretin degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hyperinsulinemia?

    <p>Hyperinsulinemia refers to elevated levels of insulin in the blood often seen in insulin resistance conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the biosynthesis of insulin?

    <p>Synthesized in the pancreas as preproinsulin, then cleaved into proinsulin, and finally into insulin and C-peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of amylin in relation to insulin?

    <p>Inhibits glucagon release and slows gastric emptying to prevent postprandial spikes in glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucagon differ from insulin in its effect on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Raises blood glucose levels by triggering glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best characterizes the relationship between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

    <p>Both conditions result from severe insulin deficiency but present with different electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do incretins play in managing blood glucose levels compared to DDP-4 inhibitors?

    <p>Incretins enhance insulin secretion after meals, while DDP-4 inhibitors prevent incretin breakdown to prolong their action</p> Signup and view all the answers

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