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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?
What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?
- Specific microangiopathy affecting the eyes and kidneys
- Inability to produce and/or use insulin (correct)
- Persistent hyperglycemia
- Accelerated onset of nonspecific atherosclerosis
What is the most prevalent type of diabetes mellitus?
What is the most prevalent type of diabetes mellitus?
- Gestational diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes (correct)
- Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
- Type 1 diabetes
Which of the following is a specific complication of chronic diabetes?
Which of the following is a specific complication of chronic diabetes?
- Hyperlipidemia
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hypertension
- Retinopathy and nephropathy (correct)
Why is it important for dentists to be aware of diabetes?
Why is it important for dentists to be aware of diabetes?
What is the incidence of type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes in persons younger than 20 years of age?
What is the incidence of type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes in persons younger than 20 years of age?
What is a key role of dentists in the management of diabetes?
What is a key role of dentists in the management of diabetes?
What are the three main goals of therapy for type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
What are the three main goals of therapy for type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
What plasma glucose level is typically associated with the resolution of diabetes symptoms?
What plasma glucose level is typically associated with the resolution of diabetes symptoms?
What is the role of the physician in managing diabetes?
What is the role of the physician in managing diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes that the physician aims to reduce or eliminate?
Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes that the physician aims to reduce or eliminate?
What is the purpose of providing the patient with educational resources in diabetes management?
What is the purpose of providing the patient with educational resources in diabetes management?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of the physician's role in managing diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of the physician's role in managing diabetes?
What is the purpose of monitoring and treating diabetes-related complications in the management of diabetes?
What is the purpose of monitoring and treating diabetes-related complications in the management of diabetes?
What is the main concern when providing postoperative analgesics for long-term steroid users?
What is the main concern when providing postoperative analgesics for long-term steroid users?
When managing dental patients taking steroids, what concern arises regarding adrenal crisis during and after surgery?
When managing dental patients taking steroids, what concern arises regarding adrenal crisis during and after surgery?
In dental patients undergoing invasive procedures with a history of hyperadrenalism, when should these procedures ideally be performed?
In dental patients undergoing invasive procedures with a history of hyperadrenalism, when should these procedures ideally be performed?
What did Fraser and colleagues report in 1952 regarding cortisone use and surgery?
What did Fraser and colleagues report in 1952 regarding cortisone use and surgery?
What is the primary reason for arranging follow-up appointments for dental patients with hyperadrenalism?
What is the primary reason for arranging follow-up appointments for dental patients with hyperadrenalism?
Which of the following is a significant concern for patients on long-term steroids undergoing dental procedures?
Which of the following is a significant concern for patients on long-term steroids undergoing dental procedures?
What is the main reason behind the concern of providing certain analgesics to long-term steroid users post-surgery?
What is the main reason behind the concern of providing certain analgesics to long-term steroid users post-surgery?
Why might additional corticosteroids be necessary for patients on regular steroid regimens during and after dental surgery?
Why might additional corticosteroids be necessary for patients on regular steroid regimens during and after dental surgery?
What is the primary consideration for dental management of patients taking corticosteroids?
What is the primary consideration for dental management of patients taking corticosteroids?
Which of the following medications should be discontinued at least 24 hours before surgery for a patient taking corticosteroids?
Which of the following medications should be discontinued at least 24 hours before surgery for a patient taking corticosteroids?
What is the immediate treatment required during an adrenal crisis in a patient taking corticosteroids?
What is the immediate treatment required during an adrenal crisis in a patient taking corticosteroids?
Why is it important for dentists to avoid the use of phenobarbital in patients taking corticosteroids?
Why is it important for dentists to avoid the use of phenobarbital in patients taking corticosteroids?
What is the primary goal of monitoring blood pressure in patients taking corticosteroids during dental procedures?
What is the primary goal of monitoring blood pressure in patients taking corticosteroids during dental procedures?
Which of the following is a key consideration for dentists when managing patients taking corticosteroids?
Which of the following is a key consideration for dentists when managing patients taking corticosteroids?
Which of the following medications should be discontinued at least 24 hours before surgery for a patient taking corticosteroids?
Which of the following medications should be discontinued at least 24 hours before surgery for a patient taking corticosteroids?
What is the primary reason for dentists to be aware of a patient's corticosteroid use?
What is the primary reason for dentists to be aware of a patient's corticosteroid use?
Which product in excess leads to mineralocorticoid excess (primary aldosteronism)?
Which product in excess leads to mineralocorticoid excess (primary aldosteronism)?
What is the most common form of hyperadrenalism that leads to Cushing syndrome?
What is the most common form of hyperadrenalism that leads to Cushing syndrome?
Which physical characteristic is NOT typically associated with Cushing syndrome?
Which physical characteristic is NOT typically associated with Cushing syndrome?
Hypotension, dehydration, and shock are seldom encountered in which type of adrenal crisis?
Hypotension, dehydration, and shock are seldom encountered in which type of adrenal crisis?
Which of the following is NOT a syndrome produced by adrenal hyperfunction?
Which of the following is NOT a syndrome produced by adrenal hyperfunction?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mineralocorticoid excess (primary aldosteronism)?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mineralocorticoid excess (primary aldosteronism)?
'Moon facies' is a characteristic physical feature associated with which disorder?
'Moon facies' is a characteristic physical feature associated with which disorder?
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
What is the primary role of cortisol in the body?
What is the primary role of cortisol in the body?
What is the effect of cortisol on the inflammatory response?
What is the effect of cortisol on the inflammatory response?
What is the normal daily secretion rate of cortisol?
What is the normal daily secretion rate of cortisol?
What is the effect of stress on cortisol secretion?
What is the effect of stress on cortisol secretion?
What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?
What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?
What is the term used to describe excessive secretion of adrenal hormones?
What is the term used to describe excessive secretion of adrenal hormones?
What is the typical pattern of cortisol secretion over a 24-hour period?
What is the typical pattern of cortisol secretion over a 24-hour period?
What is the expected number of patients with potential adrenal abnormalities or using corticosteroids in a dental practice serving 2000 adults?
What is the expected number of patients with potential adrenal abnormalities or using corticosteroids in a dental practice serving 2000 adults?
Which condition is characterized by the destruction or removal of the adrenal cortex?
Which condition is characterized by the destruction or removal of the adrenal cortex?
What is the cause of tertiary adrenal insufficiency?
What is the cause of tertiary adrenal insufficiency?
What is the term used to describe the generalized state caused by excessive cortisol in the body, regardless of the cause?
What is the term used to describe the generalized state caused by excessive cortisol in the body, regardless of the cause?
What condition can occur if a patient with adrenal insufficiency does not have adequate circulating cortisol during times of stress?
What condition can occur if a patient with adrenal insufficiency does not have adequate circulating cortisol during times of stress?
Which type of adrenocortical insufficiency is a consequence of pituitary disease or lack of adrenal responsiveness to ACTH?
Which type of adrenocortical insufficiency is a consequence of pituitary disease or lack of adrenal responsiveness to ACTH?
What is the most common cause of overproduction of glucocorticoids?
What is the most common cause of overproduction of glucocorticoids?
Which statement about the signs and symptoms of hypoadrenalism (adrenocortical hormone deficiencies) is true?
Which statement about the signs and symptoms of hypoadrenalism (adrenocortical hormone deficiencies) is true?
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