18 Questions
What is the approximate ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline secreted by the adrenal medulla?
90% adrenaline, 10% noradrenaline
Which of the following is the principal mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
Which of the following is the principal glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla's catecholamine secretion?
Mobilization of energy resources
Which of the following is a key role of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Stimulation of protein synthesis
What is the primary function of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Regulation of sodium and potassium balance
What causes polyuria in diabetes mellitus?
Osmotic diuretic effect of glucose in kidney tubules
Which hormone is NOT secreted from the adrenal gland?
ACTH
In response to what condition is aldosterone primarily secreted?
Decreased blood volume
What is a characteristic symptom of Cushing's syndrome?
Fat deposition in lower limbs
Which of the following conditions is NOT seen in Cushing's syndrome?
Hypotension
What stimulates insulin secretion?
Increased blood glucose level
Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
What is the primary function of insulin in regulating carbohydrate metabolism?
Lowers blood glucose levels
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of adrenal insufficiency (glucocorticoid deficiency)?
Weight gain
What is the primary cause of the 'moon face' appearance in Cushing's syndrome?
Salt and water retention
Which hormone plays a role in the development of hirsutism (excessive hair growth) in Cushing's syndrome?
Cortisol
What is the primary mechanism behind the hyperpigmentation seen in adrenal insufficiency?
Increased secretion of ACTH and MSH due to lack of negative feedback
Test your knowledge on the manifestations of diabetes mellitus, including polyuria, polydepsia, and weight loss with tendency toward polyphagia. Explore how dysfunction in insulin production, secretion, or target cells' responsiveness to insulin can lead to various symptoms. Additionally, learn about the secretion of catecholamines.
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