Diabetes Mellitus Manifestations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline secreted by the adrenal medulla?

  • 50% adrenaline, 50% noradrenaline
  • 90% adrenaline, 10% noradrenaline (correct)
  • 10% adrenaline, 90% noradrenaline
  • 75% adrenaline, 25% noradrenaline

Which of the following is the principal mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?

  • Noradrenaline
  • Aldosterone (correct)
  • Cortisol
  • Adrenaline

Which of the following is the principal glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?

  • Testosterone
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Aldosterone

What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla's catecholamine secretion?

<p>Mobilization of energy resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key role of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Stimulation of protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone secreted by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Regulation of sodium and potassium balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes polyuria in diabetes mellitus?

<p>Osmotic diuretic effect of glucose in kidney tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT secreted from the adrenal gland?

<p>ACTH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to what condition is aldosterone primarily secreted?

<p>Decreased blood volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Fat deposition in lower limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT seen in Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates insulin secretion?

<p>Increased blood glucose level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in regulating carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>Lowers blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of adrenal insufficiency (glucocorticoid deficiency)?

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the 'moon face' appearance in Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Salt and water retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a role in the development of hirsutism (excessive hair growth) in Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Cortisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind the hyperpigmentation seen in adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Increased secretion of ACTH and MSH due to lack of negative feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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