Diabetes Mellitus Management Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching about NPH insulin peak time?

NPH insulin peaks in 12 to 24 hours.

NPH insulin peaks in 1 to 5 hours.

NPH insulin is peakless.

NPH insulin peaks in 6 to 14 hours. (correct)

What can be done to help reduce injection pain when using a pre-filled insulin pen?

Keep the pen at room temperature for a few minutes. (correct)

Agitate the syringe slightly before injection.

Inserting the needle rapidly minimizes injection pain.

Store the pens with the needle pointing upward.

Which of the following actions should the nurse take when a client with type 1 diabetes experiences hypoglycemia?

Give the client 4 oz of apple juice. (correct)

Give the client 1 tsp of honey.

Give the client 4 oz of skim milk.

Give the client one or two glucose tablets.

What information should the nurse include when teaching a client about the use of an insulin pump?

The risk for developing DKA can be increased with the use of an insulin pump. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values indicates a fasting blood glucose measurement that is outside of the expected reference range?

118 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instructions should the nurse include when teaching a client how to check blood glucose levels?

To collect a sample for testing, hold the test strip next to the blood on the fingertip. Signup and view all the answers

How does metformin work in clients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Reducing hepatic glucose production. Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin preparation is typically prescribed for a client who needs long-acting insulin?

Insulin glargine. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

NPH Insulin Characteristics

NPH insulin has an onset of 60 to 120 minutes.
Peak time is between 6 to 14 hours.
Duration of action ranges from 16 to 24 hours.

Reducing Injection Pain

Keeping insulin pens at room temperature for a few minutes before injection can lessen pain.
Cold insulin may cause greater discomfort during injection.

Managing Hypoglycemia

For a client with a blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL, administering 4 oz of apple juice provides 15-20 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates.
Other options include 8 oz of skim milk or 1 tablespoon of honey.

Insulin Pump Considerations

Insulin pumps must be monitored to prevent risks of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Malfunctions due to low battery, tubing issues, or lack of insulin increase DKA risks.

Fasting Blood Glucose Reference Range

Normal fasting blood glucose range is between 74 and 106 mg/dL.
A reading of 118 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, exceeding normal levels.

Blood Glucose Testing Instructions

A proper method to collect blood for glucose testing involves holding the test strip next to the blood on the fingertip.
Adequate blood volume on the test strip ensures accurate readings.

Metformin Mechanism of Action

Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, aiding in blood sugar control.
It enhances insulin action on muscle glucose uptake, improving the body’s response to insulin.

Long-Acting Insulin Options

Insulin glargine is a commonly prescribed long-acting insulin, providing basal glucose control.
It is typically administered once daily at the same time to maintain steady insulin levels.

Description

Test your knowledge on diabetes mellitus management with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts including insulin types, their onset, and peak times, specifically focusing on NPH insulin. Ideal for nursing students and healthcare professionals.