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Questions and Answers
Which type of insulin formulation has an ultra-rapid onset with short duration of action?
Which type of insulin formulation has an ultra-rapid onset with short duration of action?
- Insulin lispro (correct)
- NPH insulin
- Insulin glargine
- Protamine-zinc-insulin complex
What is the term that reflects the stoichiometric quantities of protamine and zinc in protamine-zinc-insulin crystals?
What is the term that reflects the stoichiometric quantities of protamine and zinc in protamine-zinc-insulin crystals?
- Humalog
- Isophane (correct)
- Apidra
- Neutral Hagedorn
Which insulin has an onset of 2 hours, peaks at 6-8 hours, and a duration of action of 10-16 hours?
Which insulin has an onset of 2 hours, peaks at 6-8 hours, and a duration of action of 10-16 hours?
- NPH insulin (correct)
- Insulin aspart
- Insulin lispro
- Insulin glargine
Which type of insulin has a delayed onset and prolonged duration of action due to being less soluble in extracellular fluids?
Which type of insulin has a delayed onset and prolonged duration of action due to being less soluble in extracellular fluids?
Which category of insulin formulations has an intermediate onset with extended action?
Which category of insulin formulations has an intermediate onset with extended action?
What causes the delayed absorption of regular insulin?
What causes the delayed absorption of regular insulin?
What is metformin primarily known for in the treatment of diabetes?
What is metformin primarily known for in the treatment of diabetes?
How is metformin absorbed when taken orally?
How is metformin absorbed when taken orally?
What is the primary consequence of metformin's inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1?
What is the primary consequence of metformin's inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1?
How do most clinicians perceive metformin's impact on weight?
How do most clinicians perceive metformin's impact on weight?
Which term BEST describes metformin's role in managing diabetes?
Which term BEST describes metformin's role in managing diabetes?
How does metformin primarily affect glucose production in the liver?
How does metformin primarily affect glucose production in the liver?
What is the role of Adenosine MonophosphateActivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in lowering glucose production?
What is the role of Adenosine MonophosphateActivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in lowering glucose production?
How does increased AMPK affect mitochondrial glycerol-3phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD)?
How does increased AMPK affect mitochondrial glycerol-3phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD)?
What can lead to lactic acidosis when patients take metformin?
What can lead to lactic acidosis when patients take metformin?
How is metformin eliminated from the body?
How is metformin eliminated from the body?
What is the half-life of metformin approximately?
What is the half-life of metformin approximately?
In what form is metformin excreted from the body?
In what form is metformin excreted from the body?
What physiological process does insulin promote in relation to weight gain?
What physiological process does insulin promote in relation to weight gain?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with insulin allergies?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with insulin allergies?
How does ethanol impact the risk of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients?
How does ethanol impact the risk of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients?
How do β-blockers affect insulin-treated patients during hypoglycemia?
How do β-blockers affect insulin-treated patients during hypoglycemia?
What is the primary mode of insulin delivery for standard therapy?
What is the primary mode of insulin delivery for standard therapy?
What effect does the development of insulin antibodies have on insulin-treated patients?
What effect does the development of insulin antibodies have on insulin-treated patients?
What is the main diagnostic use of HbA1c levels?
What is the main diagnostic use of HbA1c levels?
What is the goal of therapy in diabetics regarding HbA1c levels?
What is the goal of therapy in diabetics regarding HbA1c levels?
What is the mechanism by which sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells?
What is the mechanism by which sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells?
What was the historical significance of sulfa drugs in the development of sulfonylureas?
What was the historical significance of sulfa drugs in the development of sulfonylureas?
What is the main pharmacokinetic property that distinguishes sulfonylureas from each other?
What is the main pharmacokinetic property that distinguishes sulfonylureas from each other?
What is the main action of sulfonylureas on pancreatic β-cells?
What is the main action of sulfonylureas on pancreatic β-cells?
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