Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Symptoms, and Complications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

  • Insulin deficiency
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Hyperglycaemia (correct)
  • Insulin resistance

What is the result of chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes?

  • Improved organ function
  • Damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs (correct)
  • Enhanced physical development
  • Increased insulin secretion

What is the main link in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM?

  • Inflammation in the islets of Langerhans (correct)
  • Inflammation in the pancreas
  • Inflammation in the liver
  • Inflammation in the kidneys

Which complication of diabetes is associated with severe hyperglycaemia?

<p>Polyuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Absolute deficit in insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of β-cell death in type 1 DM?

<p>Apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Type 1 is caused by insulin deficiency, while type 2 is caused by insulin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are associated with type 1 DM?

<p>HLA genes B8 and B15 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with the potential risk of developing type 1 DM due to the combination of DR3+DR4 antigens?

<p>95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many categories of diabetes mellitus are distinguished by the modern classification of diabetes mellitus?

<p>4 categories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the markers of immune destruction of B-cells in type 1 DM?

<p>Autoantibodies to B-cell antigen, insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, and tyrosine phosphatases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal ratio of insulin and C-peptide concentrations in blood and urine?

<p>1/3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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