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Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Symptoms, and Complications

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Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Symptoms, and Complications

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

Insulin deficiency

Hypoglycaemia

Hyperglycaemia (correct)

Insulin resistance

What is the result of chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes?

Improved organ function

Damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs (correct)

Enhanced physical development

Increased insulin secretion

What is the main link in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM?

Inflammation in the islets of Langerhans (correct)

Inflammation in the pancreas

Inflammation in the liver

Inflammation in the kidneys

Which complication of diabetes is associated with severe hyperglycaemia?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Absolute deficit in insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of β-cell death in type 1 DM?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Type 1 is caused by insulin deficiency, while type 2 is caused by insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are associated with type 1 DM?

HLA genes B8 and B15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with the potential risk of developing type 1 DM due to the combination of DR3+DR4 antigens?

95% Signup and view all the answers

How many categories of diabetes mellitus are distinguished by the modern classification of diabetes mellitus?

4 categories Signup and view all the answers

What are the markers of immune destruction of B-cells in type 1 DM?

Autoantibodies to B-cell antigen, insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, and tyrosine phosphatases Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal ratio of insulin and C-peptide concentrations in blood and urine?

1/3 Signup and view all the answers