Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the approximate percentage of pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus?
What is the approximate percentage of pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus?
- 10-15%
- 1-2%
- 5-10%
- 2-5% (correct)
What is the primary function of the GALT enzyme in the body?
What is the primary function of the GALT enzyme in the body?
- Breaks down lactose into galactose and glucose
- Converts galactose to glucose (correct)
- Converts glucose to galactose
- Converts lactose to glucose
Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with galactosemia?
Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with galactosemia?
- Cataracts
- Kidney disease
- Developmental delays
- Type 2 diabetes (correct)
What is the mode of inheritance for galactosemia?
What is the mode of inheritance for galactosemia?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary symptom associated with lactose intolerance?
What is the primary symptom associated with lactose intolerance?
What is the underlying cause of lactose intolerance?
What is the underlying cause of lactose intolerance?
What is the typical age range for a diagnosis of galactosemia?
What is the typical age range for a diagnosis of galactosemia?
What is the most definitive laboratory test to distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes?
What is the most definitive laboratory test to distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes?
What is the characteristic feature of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?
What is the characteristic feature of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?
What is the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes?
What is the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes?
What is a complication of type 2 diabetes?
What is a complication of type 2 diabetes?
How can insulin sensitivity be restored in type 2 diabetes?
How can insulin sensitivity be restored in type 2 diabetes?
What is a genetic factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
What is a genetic factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
What is a contributing factor to recent increases in the rate of type 2 diabetes?
What is a contributing factor to recent increases in the rate of type 2 diabetes?
What is the initial treatment approach for type 2 diabetes?
What is the initial treatment approach for type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus?
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin?
What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with diabetes mellitus?
Which of these is NOT a potential trigger for an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 diabetes?
Which of these is NOT a potential trigger for an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 diabetes?
What is the characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes?
What is the characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Which of the following statements about gestational diabetes is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about gestational diabetes is TRUE?
Study Notes
Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
- A group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to defects in insulin secretion or action.
- Signs and symptoms:
- Excessive urine production (polyuria)
- Thirst and increased fluid intake (polydipsia)
- Blurred vision
- Weight loss (in type 1)
- Lethargy
- Changes in energy metabolism
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Also known as Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
- Characterized by:
- Diminished production of insulin
- Destruction of pancreatic beta cells or inactivity of insulin-producing cells
- Treated with insulin replacement therapy, dietary management, and blood glucose monitoring
- Causes:
- Autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental factors
- Not caused by lifestyle factors
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Also known as Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
- Characterized by:
- Resistance to insulin signaling
- Compensatory increase in beta-cell insulin release
- Insulin resistance is generally post-receptor
- Risk factors:
- Obesity
- Central obesity
- Family history
- Environmental exposures
- Complications:
- Renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy
- Vascular disease
- Vision damage due to diabetic retinopathy
- Loss of sensation or pain due to diabetic neuropathy
- Liver damage from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Heart failure from diabetic cardiomyopathy
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy
- Resembles type 2 diabetes, but is transient
- Can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- Fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l)
- Plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) 2 hours after a 75 g oral glucose load in a glucose tolerance test
Galactosemia
- A genetic metabolic disease characterized by a defect in the body's ability to convert galactose to glucose
- Affects 1 in every 55,000 newborns
- Caused by a deficiency of the GALT enzyme
- Inherited in an autosomal recessive manner
- Complications:
- Cataracts
- Developmental delays
- Jaundice
- Speech difficulties
- Hepatomegaly
- Neurological impairments
- Kidney disease
Lactose Intolerance
- A condition characterized by the inability to fully digest lactose in milk due to decreased lactase enzyme production
- Symptoms:
- Diarrhea
- Gas
- Bloating after consuming dairy products
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the definition, signs, and symptoms of diabetes mellitus, including type 1 diabetes, and its effects on carbohydrate metabolism and energy production.
