Diabetes Mellitus
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  • Increased hepatic glucose production
  • Impaired insulin secretion
  • Decreased glucose uptake
  • Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (correct)

Which of the following is a cause of Type 2 diabetes?

  • Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
  • Insulin resistance (correct)
  • Increased hepatic glucose production
  • Impaired insulin secretion

Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetes?

  • Insulin resistance
  • Weight loss
  • Puberty
  • High fat diet (correct)

Which of the following is a recommended screening recommendation for diabetes?

<p>Advanced age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a co-morbidity associated with diabetes?

<p>Blindness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of diabetes?

<p>Diminished quality of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Polydipsia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic criteria is used for the diagnosis of diabetes?

<p>2-hour plasma glucose of 140 or higher during oral glucose tolerance test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pre-diabetes?

<p>Glucose levels that are slightly elevated but do not meet the criteria for diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended exercise guideline for patients with Type 2 diabetes?

<p>At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of resistance exercises for patients with diabetes?

<p>Three times a week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following situations is inpatient care for diabetes appropriate?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fasting glucose level is considered diagnostic for gestational diabetes?

<blockquote> <p>92 mg/dL (B)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Poor glucose control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest indication of renal damage from diabetes?

<p>Microalbuminuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy?

<p>Peripheral neuropathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is most commonly affected by autonomic neuropathy in diabetes?

<p>Gastrointestinal system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death and disability in diabetics?

<p>Coronary artery disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target blood pressure for diabetic patients?

<p>&lt; 130/80 mm Hg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of nontraumatic amputation in diabetes?

<p>Peripheral vascular disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common type of heart failure?

<p>HFrEF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States?

<p>Heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a compensatory mechanism in heart failure?

<p>Natriuretic Peptides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of heart failure in the United States?

<p>960,000 new cases each year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of heart failure?

<p>Cardiomyopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an alteration in the failing heart?

<p>Normal reflex increased force of contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population has a higher incidence of heart failure due to higher incidence of hypertension?

<p>African Americans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)?

<p>Heart failure with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT commonly associated with heart failure?

<p>Obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective tool for assessing heart failure?

<p>Echocardiogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is elevated by ACE inhibitors and contributes to their vasodilatory effects?

<p>Bradykinin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication category is recommended for all patients with heart failure and reduced LVEF?

<p>Beta blockers (BBs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to assess the size of the heart and detect alveolar edema in heart failure patients?

<p>Chest X-ray (CXR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

<p>Heart failure with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the ventricles in response to elevated end diastolic pressure and volume?

<p>Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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