35 Questions
Which of the following is a cause of Type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Which of the following is a cause of Type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance
Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetes?
High fat diet
Which of the following is a recommended screening recommendation for diabetes?
Advanced age
Which of the following is a co-morbidity associated with diabetes?
Blindness
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of diabetes?
Diminished quality of life
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes?
Polydipsia
Which of the following diagnostic criteria is used for the diagnosis of diabetes?
2-hour plasma glucose of 140 or higher during oral glucose tolerance test
What is the definition of pre-diabetes?
Glucose levels that are slightly elevated but do not meet the criteria for diabetes
Which of the following is a recommended exercise guideline for patients with Type 2 diabetes?
At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week
What is the recommended frequency of resistance exercises for patients with diabetes?
Three times a week
In which of the following situations is inpatient care for diabetes appropriate?
All of the above
Which fasting glucose level is considered diagnostic for gestational diabetes?
92 mg/dL
What is the greatest risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy?
Poor glucose control
What is the earliest indication of renal damage from diabetes?
Microalbuminuria
What is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy?
Peripheral neuropathy
Which system is most commonly affected by autonomic neuropathy in diabetes?
Gastrointestinal system
What is the leading cause of death and disability in diabetics?
Coronary artery disease
What is the recommended target blood pressure for diabetic patients?
< 130/80 mm Hg
What is the most common cause of nontraumatic amputation in diabetes?
Peripheral vascular disease
Which of the following is the most common type of heart failure?
HFrEF
What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States?
Heart failure
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory mechanism in heart failure?
Natriuretic Peptides
What is the incidence of heart failure in the United States?
960,000 new cases each year
Which of the following is a common cause of heart failure?
Cardiomyopathy
Which of the following is NOT an alteration in the failing heart?
Normal reflex increased force of contraction
Which population has a higher incidence of heart failure due to higher incidence of hypertension?
African Americans
Which type of heart failure is characterized by preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)?
Heart failure with preserved LVEF (HFpEF)
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with heart failure?
Obesity
Which of the following is the most effective tool for assessing heart failure?
Echocardiogram
Which hormone is elevated by ACE inhibitors and contributes to their vasodilatory effects?
Bradykinin
Which medication category is recommended for all patients with heart failure and reduced LVEF?
Beta blockers (BBs)
Which diagnostic test is used to assess the size of the heart and detect alveolar edema in heart failure patients?
Chest X-ray (CXR)
Which type of heart failure is characterized by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction?
Heart failure with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF)
Which hormone is released by the ventricles in response to elevated end diastolic pressure and volume?
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Test your knowledge on the causes of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Learn about the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in Type 1 and the decreased glucose uptake in Type
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