Diabetes Mellitus

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Which of the following is a cause of Type 1 diabetes?

Increased hepatic glucose production

Impaired insulin secretion

Decreased glucose uptake

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (correct)

Which of the following is a cause of Type 2 diabetes?

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Insulin resistance (correct)

Increased hepatic glucose production

Impaired insulin secretion

Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetes?

Insulin resistance

Weight loss

Puberty

High fat diet (correct)

Which of the following is a recommended screening recommendation for diabetes?

Advanced age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a co-morbidity associated with diabetes?

Blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of diabetes?

Diminished quality of life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes?

Polydipsia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic criteria is used for the diagnosis of diabetes?

2-hour plasma glucose of 140 or higher during oral glucose tolerance test Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pre-diabetes?

Glucose levels that are slightly elevated but do not meet the criteria for diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended exercise guideline for patients with Type 2 diabetes?

At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of resistance exercises for patients with diabetes?

Three times a week Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following situations is inpatient care for diabetes appropriate?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which fasting glucose level is considered diagnostic for gestational diabetes?

<blockquote> 92 mg/dL </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy?

Poor glucose control Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest indication of renal damage from diabetes?

Microalbuminuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Which system is most commonly affected by autonomic neuropathy in diabetes?

Gastrointestinal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death and disability in diabetics?

Coronary artery disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target blood pressure for diabetic patients?

< 130/80 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of nontraumatic amputation in diabetes?

Peripheral vascular disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common type of heart failure?

HFrEF Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a compensatory mechanism in heart failure?

Natriuretic Peptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of heart failure in the United States?

960,000 new cases each year Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of heart failure?

Cardiomyopathy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an alteration in the failing heart?

Normal reflex increased force of contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which population has a higher incidence of heart failure due to higher incidence of hypertension?

African Americans Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)?

Heart failure with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT commonly associated with heart failure?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective tool for assessing heart failure?

Echocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is elevated by ACE inhibitors and contributes to their vasodilatory effects?

Bradykinin Signup and view all the answers

Which medication category is recommended for all patients with heart failure and reduced LVEF?

Beta blockers (BBs) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to assess the size of the heart and detect alveolar edema in heart failure patients?

Chest X-ray (CXR) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Heart failure with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the ventricles in response to elevated end diastolic pressure and volume?

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) Signup and view all the answers