Questions and Answers
What is diabetes mellitus?
Metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose concentrations and disordered insulin metabolism.
Diabetes mellitus affects an estimated ______ % of adults aged 20 and older in the United States, or about _______ million people.
11.3%, 26 million
What is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States?
Diabetes
What is hyperglycemia?
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What is glycosuria?
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What are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
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What is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia?
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What criteria is used to diagnose diabetes?
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What is prediabetes?
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What is gestational diabetes?
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What are the main types of diabetes?
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Describe Type 1 diabetes.
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When does Type 1 diabetes develop?
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What are the symptoms associated with Type 1 diabetes?
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What is ketoacidosis?
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Describe Type 2 diabetes.
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Which type of diabetes is the most prevalent?
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What is hyperinsulinemia?
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What are the causes that increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes?
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Which ethnic populations are more prevalent to Type 2 diabetes?
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus Overview
- Metabolic disorder featuring elevated blood glucose levels and disordered insulin metabolism.
- Affects approximately 11.3% of U.S. adults aged 20 and older, equating to about 26 million people.
- Ranked as the 7th leading cause of death in the United States.
Key Terms and Definitions
- Hyperglycemia: Condition marked by elevated blood glucose concentrations.
- Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in urine, leading to increased urination due to osmotic effects.
- Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus: Include polyuria, dehydration, dry mouth, polydipsia, weight loss, increased appetite, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections.
Diagnosis Criteria
- Diagnosis using plasma glucose levels:
- 200 mg/dL or higher post-glucose load.
- 126 mg/dL or higher after fasting for at least 8 hours.
- HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.
- Prediabetes: Blood glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL when fasting.
Types of Diabetes
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Gestational Diabetes: Abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
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Type 1 Diabetes:
- Characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Develops mainly during childhood or adolescence.
- Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, weakness, and fatigue.
- Ketoacidosis can be an initial sign.
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Type 2 Diabetes:
- Involves insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
- The most prevalent type, accounting for 90-95% of diabetes cases.
Risk Factors and Population Prevalence
- Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors: Include obesity, aging, and lack of physical activity.
- Ethnic groups at higher risk: African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders.
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Description
Test your knowledge on diabetes mellitus with this set of flashcards. Explore key definitions, statistics, and its impact on health as covered in Chapter 26. Perfect for students or anyone interested in understanding diabetes better.
