Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin in treating type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin in treating type 2 diabetes?
- Increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
- Inhibits glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
- Stimulates the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
- Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (correct)
Which of the following patients is not a suitable candidate for metformin therapy?
Which of the following patients is not a suitable candidate for metformin therapy?
- A patient with a recent history of myocardial infarction
- A patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight
- A patient with controlled hypertension
- A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (correct)
Which of the following adverse effects is most serious but rare in patients taking metformin?
Which of the following adverse effects is most serious but rare in patients taking metformin?
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Lactic acidosis (correct)
- Weight gain
- Gastrointestinal upset
What is the recommended administration schedule for metformin?
What is the recommended administration schedule for metformin?
In which situation should metformin be withdrawn prior to a medical procedure?
In which situation should metformin be withdrawn prior to a medical procedure?
Study Notes
Mechanism of Action
- Reduces hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
- Increases glucose uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle via activation of AMP kinase.
- Decreases insulin resistance, enhancing the overall efficacy of insulin.
Pharmacokinetics
- Administered orally, typically 2-3 times daily.
- Sustained-release formulations are available for improved dosing convenience.
Adverse Effects
- Commonly causes gastrointestinal disturbances.
- Lactic acidosis is a serious but rare adverse event; vigilance is necessary.
- Contraindicated in patients with renal, hepatic, hypoxic respiratory, or cardiac diseases.
- Should be withheld prior to iodine-containing X-ray contrast media procedures to prevent complications.
Clinical Use
- First-line treatment for overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Compatible with all other antidiabetic medications, including insulin, enhancing treatment flexibility.
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Description
This quiz covers the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and clinical use of diabetes medications. It focuses particularly on treatments for type 2 diabetes, including their benefits and considerations for patient care. Test your knowledge on how these medications function and their impact on patient health.
