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Diabetes Medications: Mechanism and Effects

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Diabetes Medications: Mechanism and Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin in treating type 2 diabetes?

Increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

Inhibits glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

Stimulates the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (correct)

Which of the following patients is not a suitable candidate for metformin therapy?

A patient with a recent history of myocardial infarction

A patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight

A patient with controlled hypertension

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (correct)

Which of the following adverse effects is most serious but rare in patients taking metformin?

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Lactic acidosis (correct)

Weight gain

Gastrointestinal upset

What is the recommended administration schedule for metformin?

<p>Three times daily, with meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should metformin be withdrawn prior to a medical procedure?

<p>Before the use of iodine-containing X-ray contrast media</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mechanism of Action

Reduces hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
Increases glucose uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle via activation of AMP kinase.
Decreases insulin resistance, enhancing the overall efficacy of insulin.

Pharmacokinetics

Administered orally, typically 2-3 times daily.
Sustained-release formulations are available for improved dosing convenience.

Adverse Effects

Commonly causes gastrointestinal disturbances.
Lactic acidosis is a serious but rare adverse event; vigilance is necessary.
Contraindicated in patients with renal, hepatic, hypoxic respiratory, or cardiac diseases.
Should be withheld prior to iodine-containing X-ray contrast media procedures to prevent complications.

Clinical Use

First-line treatment for overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Compatible with all other antidiabetic medications, including insulin, enhancing treatment flexibility.

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Description

This quiz covers the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and clinical use of diabetes medications. It focuses particularly on treatments for type 2 diabetes, including their benefits and considerations for patient care. Test your knowledge on how these medications function and their impact on patient health.